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1.
In an attempt to identify the ionic imbalance, hydrogen carbonate, HCO3− (bicarbonate), was determined together with the commonly determined nine major ions because the imbalance was frequently encountered in the chemical analysis of samples with high pHs. Titration method was applied for the determination of the samples with pH higher than 5.6. These samples amounted to 102 of the 1536 samples collected in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, from April 1998 to December 2002. Of the 102 samples, 74 (Group A) showed an acceptable ion balance without including HCO3−. In the other 28 (Group B), however, inclusion of HCO3− successfully improved the ion balance. These results suggested that hydrogen carbonate was a potential candidate for explaining the imbalance. The hydrogen carbonate concentrations showed a strong correlation with the corresponding non-sea salt calcium (nss-Ca2+) concentrations, which implied that hydrogen carbonate was derived from calcium carbonate particles incorporated into falling raindrops or cloud droplets. For Group A, the relationship between hydrogen carbonate and the nss-calcium ion concentration was very similar to that for commonly suspended particles in Hokkaido. On the other hand, Group B exhibited a stronger but significantly different correlation. To the samples of Group B, a back-trajectory analysis was applied to demonstrate that the samples were associated with aerosol travelling from Northern China or Mongolia, which indicated that alkaline aerosol affected the chemistry. In consideration of these findings, the current standard of the ion balance should be critically reviewed for modification in regard to the contribution of hydrogen carbonate not only in source areas but also in receptor areas of alkaline aerosol. 相似文献
2.
We have determined the activity of alkaline phosphatase in chorionic villous tissue obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy, in order to obtain the normal range of values as a prerequisite for application to the prenatal diagnosis of the rare bone disease hypophosphatasia. The activities found were a combination of intestinal and liver/bone/kidney types; traces of placental type were present in only one sample. 相似文献
3.
介绍了臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附去除MIB、GEOSMIN时的主要影响因素,分析了各因素对去除率的影响程度及原因。还介绍了臭氧、PAC去除痕量异味物质的机理。 相似文献
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利用煤矿开采后产生的固体废弃物煤矸石制备一种新复合型絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钙(PAFCC)。制备工艺中溶出反应最优化条件为煅烧温度750℃,保温2h;盐酸的酸溶反应时间为3h,酸溶反应中盐酸的用量为0.70g/g;碱化聚合反应的最佳工艺条件:反应温度为60℃,pH值为3.7,反应时间为30min;以高岭土废水水样为处理对象,煤矸石制备的聚合氯化铝铁钙絮凝剂废水浊度去除率高于工业聚合氯化铝PAC的浊度去除率。 相似文献
6.
通过考察污泥停留时间(SRT)对膜生物反应器(MBR)和粉末活性炭膜生物反应器(PAc-MBR)降解有机物速率的影响,探讨了污泥活性与胞外聚合物(EPS)的关系.结果表明:MBR和.PAC-MBR中COD降解速率随SRT延长均呈先上升后下降的趋势,分别在39~48d和48d时达到最快,对应速率常数为2.586和3.856,PAC-MBR中COD降解速率普遍高于MBR,说明投加PAC使污泥活性提高,SRT对污泥活性影响较大;MBR和PAC-MBR中胞外聚合物质量浓度与COD降解速率常数K1变化趋势一致,且胞外聚合物质量浓度与K1呈良好正相关关系,说明系统的胞外聚合物质量浓度可以作为衡量污泥活性的指标. 相似文献
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预处理垃圾焚烧飞灰作为碱胶凝材料混合材的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验分析了垃圾焚烧飞灰的主要化学成分及矿物组成,探讨了预处理垃圾焚烧飞灰作为碱胶凝材料混合材的可能性.研究表明,垃圾焚烧飞灰主要由黏土类矿物组成,飞灰直接作为混合材参与水化过程会产生明显膨胀现象,加入30%(质量分数)飞灰制成的矿渣/飞灰试块在成型1 d脱膜时膨胀率达到15.7%,标准养护28 d后无侧压抗压强度只有12.4 MPa.对飞灰进行热活化预处理,900℃条件下活化效果最佳,同样的飞灰掺量下,试块在标准养护28 d后无侧压抗压强度达到46.0 MPa,膨胀现象消失,且碱胶凝材料中重金属稳定性良好. 相似文献
9.
Kangjoo Kim Sung-Min Park Jinsam Kim Seok-Hwi Kim Yeongkyoo Kim Jeong-Tae Moon Gab-Soo Hwang Wang-Seog Cha 《Chemosphere》2009,77(2):222-227
The geochemical behavior of As in porewaters of an alkaline coal ash disposal site was investigated using multilevel samplers. The disposal site was in operation from 1983 until 1994 and was covered with 0.3–0.5 m thick soils in 2001 when this study was initiated. Sequential extraction analyses and batch leaching experiments were also performed using the coal ash samples collected from the disposal site. The results suggest the important roles of siderite (FeCO3) precipitation/dissolution and soil cover, which have been ignored previously. Arsenic levels in the porewater were very low (average of 10 μg L−1) when the site was covered with soil due to coprecipitation with siderite. The soil cover enabled the creation of anoxic conditions, which raised the Fe concentration by the reductive dissolution of Fe-(hydr)oxides. Because of the high alkalinity generated from the alkaline coal ash, even a small increase in the Fe concentration (0.66 mg L−1 on average) could cause siderite precipitation. When the soil cover was removed, however, an oxidizing condition was created and triggered the precipitation of dissolved Fe as (hydr)oxides. As a result, the dissolution of previously precipitated As-rich siderite caused higher As concentration in the porewater (average of 345 μg L−1). 相似文献
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