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1.
The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics (NPs). Their high specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent priority. However, there is very limited understanding on the occurrence, distribution, abundant, and fate of NPs in the environment, partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for the separation and identification of NPs from complex environmental matrices. In this review, we first overviewed the state-of-the-art methods for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of NPs in the environment. Some of them have been successfully applied for the field determination of NPs, while some are borrowed from the detection of microplastics or engineered nanomaterials. Then the possible fate and transport of NPs in the environment are thoroughly described. Although great efforts have been made during the recent years, large knowledge gaps still exist, such as the relatively high detection limit of existing method failing to detect ultralow masses of NPs in the environment, and spherical polystyrene NP models failing to represent the various compositions of NPs with different irregular shapes, which needs further investigation. 相似文献
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水胺硫磷降解优势菌的筛选及其降解条件的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文从已驯化好的活性污泥菌是悬液中分离筛选出水胺硫磷的降解优势菌,并对其降解条件进行了实验研究,当温度为25℃,PH为6.5~7.5,水胺硫磷进水浓度135mg/L,停留时间为12h,在供氧条件下,水胺硫磷降解率可达72.3%,而混合菌在最佳条件下,其水胺硫磷降解率为55.8%,本文还要菌种进行了鉴定。 相似文献
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根据《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》,对油库项目环评中的环境风险因子进行识别,并分析其风险源项。采用导则推荐的多烟团模式计算原油储罐泄漏引发池火事故后,对周围环境影响的范围和程度。因此对油库项目进行环境风险评价时,应重视油库泄漏事故对环境的影响。 相似文献
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分别采用《城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法》(CJ/T221—2005)中平皿计数法和多管发酵法检测分析呼和浩特市周边7个城镇污水处理厂、2个制药企业以及2个乳制品企业污泥中的细菌总教和粪大肠菌群茵值。结果显示:供试样品的细菌总数为1.0×10^6~1.3×10^8个/g,其中细菌含量最高的是乳制品企业l污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4污泥样品。粪大肠菌群菌值为2.0×10^5-5.4×10^8个/g,其中粪大肠茵群菌值最高的是污水处理厂2和污水处理厂5污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4和制药企业1污泥样品,乳制品企业污泥样品的粪大肠菌群茵值居中。 相似文献
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从涉铅企业生产工艺及物料特征出发,以《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》、《环境污染事故应急预案编制技术指南》和《重金属污染企业突发环境事件应急预案编制指南》等技术规范为依据,对涉铅企业环境风险源项及突发环境风险事故类型进行辨识、归纳和归类,为涉铅企业的环境风险评价和环境应急管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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综述了微生物絮凝剂产生菌筛选和培育方面的研究进展,介绍了微生物絮凝剂在给水和饮用水、乳化液的油水分离、污水处理等领域的应用,以及廉价培养基的探索实践。提出针对影响微生物絮凝剂产生菌生长代谢的环境条件开展深入研究,同时寻找或设计廉价培养基,降低生产成本,推动其工业化应用。 相似文献
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Mark S. Reed Anil Graves Norman Dandy Helena Posthumus Klaus Hubacek Joe Morris Christina Prell Claire H. Quinn Lindsay C. Stringer 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Stakeholder analysis means many things to different people. Various methods and approaches have been developed in different fields for different purposes, leading to confusion over the concept and practice of stakeholder analysis. This paper asks how and why stakeholder analysis should be conducted for participatory natural resource management research. This is achieved by reviewing the development of stakeholder analysis in business management, development and natural resource management. The normative and instrumental theoretical basis for stakeholder analysis is discussed, and a stakeholder analysis typology is proposed. This consists of methods for: i) identifying stakeholders; ii) differentiating between and categorising stakeholders; and iii) investigating relationships between stakeholders. The range of methods that can be used to carry out each type of analysis is reviewed. These methods and approaches are then illustrated through a series of case studies funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) programme. These case studies show the wide range of participatory and non-participatory methods that can be used, and discuss some of the challenges and limitations of existing methods for stakeholder analysis. The case studies also propose new tools and combinations of methods that can more effectively identify and categorise stakeholders and help understand their inter-relationships. 相似文献
9.
Huan Zhong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):981-986
This study compared the relative importance of three types of sorption (organic matter-particle, mercury-organic matter and mercury-particle) in controlling the overall mercury partitioning and bioavailability in sediments. We found that all three types of sorption were important for both inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylated mercury (MeHg). Mercury-particle sorption was more important than mercury-fulvic acid (FA) sorption in increasing the mercury concentrations with increasing aging. Bioavailability (quantified by gut juice extraction from sipunculans) was mainly controlled by mercury-particle sorption, while FA-particle and mercury-FA sorption were not as important, especially for MeHg. Bacterial activity also increased the partitioning of Hg or MeHg in the sediments and was further facilitated by the presence of organic matter. The bioavailability of Hg or MeHg from sediments was only slightly influenced by bacterial activity. This study highlights the importance of sorption from various sources (especially mercury-particle sorption) as well as bacteria in controlling the partitioning and bioavailability of Hg or MeHg in sediments. 相似文献
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基于已完成的112例进口含金属物料的固体废物鉴别实践,系统地介绍了进口含金属物料的申报品名及各品名所占比例,种类及各种类的特征、固体废物鉴别关键方法和每种鉴别结果所占比例,其中申报品名主要为矿石(砂),所占比例为51.8%;鉴别结果主要为冶炼渣,所占比例为37.5%。提出对于进口的含金属物料,通过测量主要成分和含量、最主要金属元素及典型重金属元素的含量、物相组成、矿相组成,对于极细的粉末等特殊物料,还需要粒度分析等辅助试验,确定其产生来源。如果确定属于金属冶炼过程中产生的副产物、污染控制设施或环境治理过程中产生的物料、含金属废料简单加工处理产物、矿物采选过程中产生的废弃物,那么鉴别物料属于固体废物。 相似文献