9mm子弹对由芳纶、聚乙烯或铝板保护的尸体头骨产生的动态影响实验研究

本文对防护头盔所使用的复合板设计了两个实验来确定其所产生的伤害程度。实验结论:可优化复合材料制成的防弹头盔来避免大范围瞬时变形,从而减少对头部造成的冲击和钝挫伤。     

颅骨缺损早期修补对小儿的影响（附47例分析）

目的探讨颅骨缺损早期修补对小儿的影响．方法对47例小儿颅骨缺损使用钛网行颅骨修补手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析．结果47例小儿颅骨缺损早期行手术修补均获得了好的疗效．结论小儿颅骨缺损早期行手术修补有利于脑功能的康复，对头颅的发育影响较少，减少或避免了颅骨缺损相关综合征．参7．     

Differential protective effects of motorcycle helmets against head injury

Background: Although numerous observational studies have demonstrated a protective effect of motorcycle helmets against head injury, the degree of protection against specific head injury types remains unclear. Experimental biomechanics studies involving cadavers, animals, and computer models have established that head injuries have varying etiologies. This retrospective cross-sectional study compared helmet protection against skull fracture, cerebral contusion, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral concussion in a consecutive series of motorcycle operators involved in recent traffic crashes in Kentucky.

Methods: Police collision reports linked to hospital inpatient and emergency department (ED) claims were analyzed for the period 2008 to 2012. Motorcycle operators with known helmet use who were not killed at the crash scene were included in the study. Helmet use was ascertained from the police report. Skull fracture, cerebral contusion, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral concussion were identified from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes on the claims records. The relative risks of each type of head injury for helmeted versus unprotected operators were estimated using generalized estimating equations.

Results: Helmets offer substantial protection against skull fracture (relative risk [RR] = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23, 0.34), cerebral contusion (RR = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.16, 0.53), and intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.35, 0.63). The findings pertaining to uncomplicated concussion (RR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.64, 1.01) were inconclusive. A modest protective effect (20% risk reduction) was suggested by the relative risk estimate, but the 95% confidence interval included the null value.

Conclusions: Motorcycle helmets were associated with a 69% reduction in skull fractures, 71% reduction in cerebral contusion, and 53% reduction in intracranial hemorrhage. This study finds that current motorcycle helmets do not protect equally against all types of head injury. Efforts to improve rotational acceleration management in motorcycle helmets should be considered.