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Status and fuzzy comprehensive assessment of combined heavy metal and organo-chlorine pesticide pollution in the Taihu Lake region of China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The status of combined heavy metal and organo-chlorine pesticide (OCPs; i.e. HCH and DDT) pollution was investigated and the soil environmental quality of the Taihu Lake watershed, one of the most developed regions in China, was evaluated using a fuzzy comprehensive assessment. Statistical analyses showed the presence of combined pollution in the soil. At many sampling sites, heavy metal concentrations were above corresponding background values, indicating the effects of extraneous pollutants. It has been over 20 years since China banned the use of OCPs, but they can still be found in soil samples of this region. HCH levels at all investigated sites were below the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. Fuzzy comprehensive assessment showed that the overall soil quality in this region could be categorized as class I. Nevertheless, the high coefficients of variation for levels of DDT, Cd and Hg indicated the existence of some point-source pollution. Continuous monitoring and further studies of the region are recommended to prevent pollution of farmland from these sources. 相似文献
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联合开发荒山之初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李晓明 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(3):48-50
搞好小流域综合治理,加强水土保持,是贫困山区经济开发的基础性工作,也是山区人民脱贫致富奔小康的可靠途径。怎样进一步搞好水土治理和有效地开发贫困山区的资源呢?必须加大投资力度,在国家财政紧张的情况下,要多渠道、多层次的集资,采取股份制联合开发荒山,效益分成,以促进山区荒山的治理速度。青龙满族自治县的大石岭、谢庄的经验告诉我们:股份制联营开发治理荒山、荒坡是山区水土流失综合治理的可行途径,应大力推广。 相似文献
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Albin Brandstetter Roger L. Engel Dennis B. Cearlock 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(6):1188-1200
ABSTRACT: A comprehensive mathematical model (Urban Wastewater Management Model) has been developed to continuously simulate time-varying wastewater flows and qualities in complex metropolitan combined sewerage systems. The model serves three functions: (1) assessment of existing or planned system performance in relation to other wastewater discharges in either a metropolitan or river basin area; (2) determination of the optium operation or automatic control of existing or planned systems during rainstorms; and (3) determination of the most economically feasible combination of design alternatives for improving or expanding existing systems to meet specified performance criteria. The model provides an efficient engineering tool for evaluating and controlling pollutant discharges from combined sewerage systems (including treatment plants) to receiving waters, while considering the time and spacial variations of rainfall and dry-weather flows and qualities as well as economic constraints. 相似文献
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The empirical evidence of decline in ecosystem services (ES) over the last century has reinforced the call for ES quantification, monitoring and valuation. Usually, only provisioning ES are marketable and accounted for, whereas regulating, supporting and cultural ES are typically non-marketable and overlooked in connection with land-use or management decisions. The objective of this study was to quantify and value total ES (marketable and non-marketable) of diverse production systems and management intensities in Denmark to provide a basis for decisions based on economic values. The production systems were conventional wheat (Cwheat), a combined food and energy (CFE) production system and beech forest. Marketable (provisioning ES) and non-marketable ES (supporting, regulating and cultural) ES were quantified by dedicated on-site field measurements supplemented by literature data. The value of total ES was highest in CFE (US$ 3142 ha−1 yr−1) followed by Cwheat (US$ 2767 ha−1 yr−1) and beech forest (US$ 2328 ha−1 yr−1). As the production system shifted from Cwheat - CFE–beech, the marketable ES share decreased from 88% to 75% in CFE and 55% in beech whereas the non-marketable ES share increased to 12%, 25% and 45% of total ES in Cwheat, CFE and beech respectively, demonstrating production system and management effects on ES values. Total ES valuation, disintegrated into marketable and non-marketable share is a potential way forward to value ES and ‘tune’ our production systems for enhanced ES provision. Such monetary valuation can be used by policy makers and land managers as a tool to assess ES value and monitor the sustained flow of ES. The application of ES-based valuation for land management can enhance ES provision for maintaining the productive capacity of the land without depending on the external fossil-based fertilizer and chemical input. 相似文献
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为实现水资源的循环利用与国民经济的可持续发展,必须对工业废水进行处理。在过去的几十年中,工业废水的任意排放给水资源环境和人民的身体健康带来了巨大的危害,为了杜绝这种现象的再次出现,本文对工业废水的处理方法做了如下的探讨。 相似文献
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放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水的初步研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对采用放电等离子体与饲养酵母联合处理味精废水进行了初步研究。结果表明,放电等离子体预处理后废水的CODcr值普遍升高,但经假丝酵母联合处理后CODCr去除率增加了38.3%,效果明显优于仅采用饲养酵母法处理的味精废水,说明放电等离子体预处理可使味精废水中的有机大分子破坏成小分子,有利于生物降解,为味精废水治理提供了一条新的途径。实验初步研究了联合处理后的CODcr去除率与预处理电压、预处理电流、预处理次数的关系,结果表明存在相应的最优值。 相似文献
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此文采用三次多项式表示的流线速度场和基元圆环技术相结合的混合流动模型对国杯—多边形截面杆型复合挤压进行了上限分析,得到挤压力的上限解,分析了杆部截面形状对复合挤压分流点位置及变形力的影响规律并对理论计算进行了实验验证. 相似文献