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1.
本文根据重力式码头的结构地震荷载计算和地震破坏的经验,建立了重力式码头的震害预测方法。并用此方法对烟台港的重力式码头进行了震害预测。 相似文献
2.
S. Taku Ide Kristian Jessen Franklin M. Orr Jr. 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(4):481-491
CO2 can be effectively immobilized during CO2 injection into saline aquifers by residual trapping – also known as capillary trapping – a process resulting from capillary snap-off of isolated CO2 bubbles. Simulations of CO2 injection were performed to investigate the interplay of viscous and gravity forces and capillary trapping of CO2. Results of those simulations show that gas injection processes in which gravitational forces are weak compared to viscous forces (low gravity number Ngv) trap significantly more CO2 than do flows with strong gravitational forces relative to the viscous forces (high Ngv). The results also indicate that over a wide range of gravity numbers (Ngv), significant fractions of the trapping of CO2 can occur relatively quickly. The amount of CO2 that is trapped after injection ceases is demonstrated to correlate with Ngv. For some simulated displacements, effects of capillary pressure and aquifer dip angle on the amount and the rate of trapping are reported. Trapping increases when effects of capillary pressure and aquifer inclination are included in the model. Finally we show that injection schemes such as alternating injection of brine and CO2 or brine injection after CO2 injection can also enhance the trapping behavior. 相似文献
3.
贝纳德效应和地震预报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据海城地震前后重力变化的实测资料提出重力加速度随时间变化的一种简化表示。在重力发生扰动时对贝纳德问题的动力学方程进行求解。计算结果表明,在强地震的孕育期,贝纳德花样的周期变化在一定时间后将自动停止。这个结论的验证可以作为一种新的地震预测方法的理论基础。 相似文献
4.
Gregory J. Buhyoff Stephen B. Williams W. David Klemperer 《Environmental management》1981,5(3):253-262
The purpose of this study was to collect specific information on the characteristics and intensity of local Blue Ridge Parkway use and to use that information to develop a recreation use model of local Parkway visitation. Data were obtained from a self-administered mail-back questionnaire sent to a random sample of people living in the 29 counties adjacent to the Parkway.We developed two recreation use projection/demand models that employ three variables (distance, alternative recreation sites, and population density) to predict visitation to different Parkway areas from various local origins. The derived model estimates indicated that about one-fourth of all Parkway visits in 1978 were one-day visits made by area residents. 相似文献
5.
A two-dimensional (2D) laboratory model was used to study effects of gravity on areal recovery of a representative dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminant by an alcohol pre-flood and co-solvent flood in dipping aquifers. Recent studies have demonstrated that injection of alcohol and co-solvent solutions can be used to reduce in-situ the density of DNAPL globules and displace the contaminant from the source zone. However, contact with aqueous alcohol reduces interfacial tension and causes DNAPL swelling, thus facilitating risk of uncontrolled downward DNAPL migration. The 2D laboratory model was operated with constant background gradient flow and a DNAPL spill was simulated using tetrachloroethene (PCE). The spill was dispersed to a trapped, immobile PCE saturation by a water flood. Areal PCE recovery was studied using a double-triangle well pattern to simulate a remediation scheme consisting of an alcohol pre-flood using aqueous isobutanol ( approximately 10% vol.) followed by a co-solvent flood using a solution of ethylene glycol (65%) and 1-propanol (35%). Experiments were conducted with the 2D model oriented in the horizontal plane and compared to experiments at the 15 degrees and 30 degrees dip-angle orientations. Injection was applied either in the downward or upward direction of flow. Experimental results were compared to theoretical predictions for flood front stability and used to evaluate effects of gravity on areal PCE recovery. Sensitivity experiments were performed to evaluate effects of the alcohol pre-flood on PCE areal recovery. For experiments conducted with the alcohol pre-flood and the 2D model oriented in the horizontal plane, results indicate that 89-93% of source zone PCE was recovered. With injection oriented downward, results indicate that areal PCE recovery was 70-77% for a 15 degrees dip angle and 57-59% for a 30 degrees dip angle. With injection oriented upward, results indicate that areal PCE recovery was 57-60% at the 30 degrees dip angle, which was similar to PCE recovery for injection in the downward flow direction. Lower areal PCE recovery at greater dip angles in either direction of flow was attributed to DNAPL swelling and migration, flood front instabilities and bypassing of the displaced fluid past the extraction wells during the alcohol pre-flood. Additional results demonstrate that the use of an alcohol pre-flood can be beneficial in improving DNAPL recovery in the horizontal orientation, but pre-flooding may reduce areal recovery efficiency in dip-angle orientations. This study also demonstrates the use of theoretical perturbation (fingering) analysis in predicting NAPL recovery efficiency for flooding processes in remediating aquifers with dip angles. 相似文献
6.
7.
S.M. TauseefD. Rashtchian S.A. Abbasi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(4):371-376
Quantification of spatial and temporal concentration profiles of vapor clouds resulting from accidental loss of containment of toxic and/or flammable substances is of great importance as correct prediction of spatial and temporal profiles can not only help in designing mitigation/prevention equipment such as gas detection alarms and shutdown procedures but also help decide on modifications that may help prevent any escalation of the event.The most commonly used models - SLAB (Ermak, 1990), HEGADAS (Colenbrander, 1980), DEGADIS (Spicer & Havens, 1989), HGSYSTEM (Witlox & McFarlane, 1994), PHAST (DNV, 2007), ALOHA (EPA & NOAA, 2007), SCIPUFF (Sykes, Parker, Henn, & Chowdhury, 2007), TRACE (SAFER Systems, 2009), etc. - for simulation of dense gas dispersion consider the dispersion over a flat featureless plain and are unable to consider the effect of presence of obstacles in the path of dispersing medium. In this context, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been recognized as a potent tool for realistic estimation of consequence of accidental loss of containment because of its ability to take into account the effect of complex terrain and obstacles present in the path of dispersing fluid.The key to a successful application of CFD in dispersion simulation lies in the accuracy with which the effect of turbulence generated due to the presence of obstacles is assessed. Hence a correct choice of the most appropriate turbulence model is crucial to a successful implementation of CFD in the modeling and simulation of dispersion of toxic and/or flammable substances.In this paper an attempt has been made to employ CFD in the assessment of heavy gas dispersion in presence of obstacles. For this purpose several turbulence models were studied for simulating the experiments conducted earlier by Health and Safety Executive, (HSE) U.K. at Thorney Island, USA (Lees, 2005). From the various experiments done at that time, the findings of Trial 26 have been used by us to see which turbulence model enables the best fit of the CFD simulation with the actual findings. It is found that the realizable k-? model was the most apt and enabled the closest prediction of the actual findings in terms of spatial and temporal concentration profiles. It was also able to capture the phenomenon of gravity slumping associated with dense gas dispersion. 相似文献
8.
Gravity driven flows on inclines can be caused by cold, saline or turbid inflows into water bodies. Another example are cold
downslope winds, which are caused by cooling of the atmosphere at the lower boundary. In a well-known contribution, Ellison
and Turner (ET) investigated such flows by making use of earlier work on free shear flows by Morton, Taylor and Turner (MTT).
Their entrainment relation is compared here with a spread relation based on a diffusion model for jets by Prandtl. This diffusion
approach is suitable for forced plumes on an incline, but only when the channel topography is uniform, and the flow remains
supercritical. A second aspect considered here is that the structure of ET’s entrainment relation, and their shallow water
equations, agrees with the one for open channel flows, but their depth and velocity scales are those for free shear flows,
and derived from the velocity field. Conversely, the depth of an open channel flow is the vertical extent of the excess mass
of the liquid phase, and the average velocity is the (known) discharge divided by the depth. As an alternative to ET’s parameterization,
two sets of flow scales similar to those of open channel flows are outlined for gravity currents in unstratified environments.
The common feature of the two sets is that the velocity scale is derived by dividing the buoyancy flux by the excess pressure
at the bottom. The difference between them is the way the volume flux is accounted for, which—unlike in open channel flows—generally
increases in the streamwise direction. The relations between the three sets of scales are established here for gravity currents
by allowing for a constant co-flow in the upper layer. The actual ratios of the three width, velocity, and buoyancy scales
are evaluated from available experimental data on gravity currents, and from field data on katabatic winds. A corresponding
study for free shear flows is referred to. Finally, a comparison of mass-based scales with a number of other flow scales is
carried out for available data on a two-layer flow over an obstacle. Mass-based flow scales can also be used for other types
of flows, such as self-aerated flows on spillways, water jets in air, or bubble plumes. 相似文献
9.
George Y. Jumper Edmund A. Murphy Frank H. Ruggiero John R. Roadcap Anthony J. Ratkowski Jean Vernin Hervé Trinquet 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2007,7(5):351-370
In July 2002, a multi-sensor campaign was conducted in southern France to investigate the hypothesized connection between
gravity waves and optical turbulence. A generalized scidar (GS) was mounted on the 1.93 m diameter telescope at l’Observatoire
de Haute-Provence (OHP). The GS provides continuous profiles of optical turbulence with 300 m vertical resolution from telescope
altitude up to 25 km. Thermosondes, which provide in situ measurement of optical turbulence by measuring temperature variance,
were launched at the OHP site and at a site approximately 20 km west-northwest of OHP. Gravity wave activity was deduced from
temperature and wind velocity measured by radiosondes, which are part of the thermosonde system. In this paper, gravity waves
were analyzed using techniques for simple two-dimensional mountain waves, with only fair results. Mesoscale models were run
at moderately high resolution for the period. The forecasts were analyzed for wave activity, and a post processor model was
used to diagnose the optical turbulence. Mountain waves were evident in the forecast, but quantitative comparison showed the
forecast to be inadequate in predicting wave strength. The forecast optical turbulence was in fair agreement with measurements
with notable exceptions.
This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The
U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.
Presented at the Turbulence and Waves in Stably Stratified Atmospheric Shear Flows: Measurements, High Resolution Simulations
and Numerical Prediction Challenges Conference, 13–15 September 2004, Lighthill Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University
College London, London, UK. 相似文献
10.
对某港口一台在建900t造船龙门起重机,进行了主梁自重应力测试研究。以测试主梁分段平放在胎架上作为测试基点,通过应力测试,得到了起重机主梁在抬吊过程中产生的自重应力和自振频率。结果表明,随着测试主梁两端提升油缸的逐渐加力,主梁跨中产生的自重应力逐渐增加,并与提升力成线性关系;在整个提升过程中,主梁自振频率维持在0.1Hz以内。 相似文献