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1.
Riebsame WE 《Disasters》1985,9(4):295-300
Three recent cases of climate extremes are studied to identify human impacts and response strategies and to identify common characteristics that may help illuminate the nature of climate hazards. The 1980 heat wave in the central United States, 1981 cold wave in Boston, Massachusetts, and recent flooding and lake level rise in northern Utah, illustrate several important aspects of climate hazards that separate them from the more traditional set of catastrophic events (e.g. tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes) usually dealt with by hazards research and management. Among those characteristics are an emphasis on health impacts rather than physical damage, accumulative effects rather than short shocks, a tendency for impacts to accrue to certain socio-economic classes, and relatively slow onset. The management and research implications of these hazard characteristics are explored. 相似文献
2.
This article does not focus on adaptation or mitigation policy directly but on an allied opportunity that exists for the Pacific
Islands via the auspices of the Climate Convention, because the existing very costly energy systems used in the Pacific Island
region are fossil-fuel dependent. It is argued here that efforts can be made towards the development of energy systems that
are ecologically sustainable because Pacific Island nations are eligible to receive assistance to introduce renewable energy
technology and pursue energy conservation via implementation mechanisms of the Climate Convention and, in particular, through
transfer of technology and via joint implementation.
It is contended that assistance in the form of finance, technology, and human resource development from developed countries
and international organizations would provide sustainable benefits in improving the local Pacific Island environments. It
is also emphasized that mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is not the responsibility of the Pacific Islands as they contribute
very little on a per capita global scale and a tiny proportion of total global greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
3.
1994年江淮伏旱及其影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用江谁地区18个站点1951~1995年6~8月降水量资料,用Z指数建立了历年夏季旱涝序列,着重对1994年江淮伏旱及其对农业、水资源的影响进行了分析评述,获得了一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
4.
水稻生产气象灾害危险性分析:—以湖南省常德市水稻生产为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对研究区水稻气象灾害规律的研究和危险性评价,计算了不同等级的水稻综合风险率,为保险部门制定水稻保险费率提供了科学依据. 相似文献
5.
Weather-mediated natural selection on arrival time in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An unusually long period of cold weather in May 1996 caused extensive mortality among insectivorous cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in the northern and central Great Plains. We analyzed how viability selection affected spring arrival time in a migratory
Nebraska population by comparing capture histories of survivors with those of birds known to have died and by documenting
how arrival time changed in the year following the selection event. Surviving birds had significantly later first-capture
dates (an index of arrival time) in the years prior to selection than those that died; a significant selection differential
suggested directional selection for birds that arrived later. Colony sites were occupied significantly later following the
selection event, and the distribution of first-capture dates in the season after selection was significantly shifted toward
later arrivals. Offspring of the survivors tended to arrive later than birds of the same age prior to the selection event.
While major weather-caused mortality events of this magnitude are rare in the study area, spells of cold weather severe enough
to cause limited mortality are frequent in April and early May. At least 25 probable mortality events of varying severity
were identified in the last 50 years based on climatological data. Periodic weather-mediated selection against early arrival
constrains the cliff swallow’s breeding season and may partly prevent directional selection for earlier nesting.
Received: 19 October 1999 / Received in revised form: 15 January 2000 / Accepted: 24 January 2000 相似文献
6.
人类社会经济飞速发展的同时带来了环境的持续恶化。经济发展与环境保护之间存在一种博弈的两难困境,人类必须制定一定的规则和机制来改变与脱离这种困境。推动全球绿色贸易是走出这种困境的一条可操作的途径,推动世界绿色贸易、提高环境保护技术整体能力是改变博弈结构的关键。可持续发展的概念的产生是对经济发展与环境保护的一种协调。另外推动环境正义的理念也是促使经济发展与环境保护之间合作的一种人文途径。 相似文献
7.
8.
采用北京首都机场2014年实际CDM地面放行数据确定航空器的污染物排放量与离场排队飞机数量和落地滑入飞机数量的强关联性,构建包含这两个解释变量为影响因素的多元线性回归模型,用以估算几种常见机型在首都机场地面运行时的最小污染物排放量和绿色滑行时间。对比实际污染物排放量与最小污染物排放量,得出首都机场离场地面污染物排放量远远超过最小污染物排放量。 相似文献
9.
We show that imposition of a state-level environmental tax in a federation crowds out pre-existing federal taxes. We explain how this vertical fiscal externality can lead unilateral state-level environmental policy to generate a welfare gain in the implementing state, at the expense of other states, even absent any environmental benefits. Using a computable general equilibrium model of the Canadian federation, we show that vertical fiscal externalities can be the major determinant of the welfare change following environmental policy implementation by a state government. Our numerical simulations indicate that – as a consequence of vertical fiscal externalities – state governments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 20 percent without any net cost to themselves. 相似文献
10.
Kaitlin T. Raimi Alexander Maki David Dana Michael P. Vandenbergh 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2019,13(3):300-319
The growing recognition that climate change mitigation alone will be inadequate has led scientists and policymakers to discuss climate geoengineering. An experiment with a US sample found, contrary to previous research, that reading about geoengineering did not reduce conservatives’ skepticism about the existence of anthropogenic climate change. Moreover, depending on how it is framed, geoengineering can reduce support for mitigation among both conservatives and non-conservatives. When geoengineering is framed as a major solution, people worry less about climate change, leading to reduced mitigation support. When framed as disastrous, people perceived geoengineering as riskier, also leading to a decrease in mitigation support. A more moderate framing of geoengineering as a partial solution is less susceptible to moral hazard effects. Overall, results suggest that geoengineering will not lessen political polarization over anthropogenic climate change, and could undercut support for mitigation efforts. Instead, framing geoengineering as a small piece to solving a big puzzle seems to be the best strategy to weaken this potential moral hazard. 相似文献