排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
Maurizio Avella Luigi Calandrelli Barbara Immirzi Mario Malinconico Ezio Martuscelli Beniamino Pascucci Patrizia Sadocco 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1995,3(1):49-60
The biodegradability of a multicomponent system based on biotechnological occurring polyester (poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co--hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)) with inclusion of acrylate elastomer (polybutylacrylate) (PBA) was investigated. A bacterium which produced extracellular enzymes that degrades PHBV even when blended with PBA was isolated and tentatively designated asAureobacterium saperdae. It was observed, by morphological investigation, that, while the bacterial degradation was permitted for PBA content of 20% by weight, it was inhibited for PBA content of 30%, owing to the occurrence of a rubbery layer that prevents to the bacteria an easy accessibility in the PHBV-rich regions. In fact, owing the bacterial growth, only PHBV was metabolized, whereas no degradation of PBA was detected for blend samples. It was confirmed that the degradation proceeded via surface erosion of PHBV also in the blends. Finally, mechanical tests on PHBV/PBA specimens as a function of degradation extent have shown different behavior of the blends at different the PBA content. Thermal analysis of blends and PHBV has been reported, too 相似文献
2.
3.
S. H. Imam L. Chen S. H. Gordon R. L. Shogren D. Weisleder R. V. Greene 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(2):91-98
Injection molded specimens were prepared by blending poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with cornstarch. Blended formulations incorporated 30% or 50% starch in the presence or absence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which enhances the adherence of starch granules to PHBV. These formulations were evaluated for their biodegradability in natural compost by measuring changes in physical and chemical properties over a period of 125 days. The degradation of plastic material, as evidenced by weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present in the blends (neat PHBV < 30% starch < 50% starch). Incorporation of PEO into starch-PHBV blends had little or no effect on the rate of weight loss. Starch in blends degraded faster than PHBV and it accelerated PHBV degradation. Also, PHBV did not retard starch degradation. After 125 days of exposure to compost, neat PHBV lost 7% of its weight (0.056% weight loss/day), while the PHBV component of a 50% starch blend lost 41% of its weight (0.328% weight loss/day). PHB and PHV moieties within the copolymer degraded at similar rates, regardless of the presence of starch, as determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. GPC analyses revealed that, while the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHBV in all exposed samples decreased, there was no significant difference in this decrease between neat PHBV as opposed to PHBV blended with starch. SEM showed homogeneously distributed starch granules embedded in a PHBV matrix, typical of a filler material. Starch granules were rapidly depleted during exposure to compost, increasing the surface area of the PHBV matrix. 相似文献
4.
以可生物降解聚合物聚己内酯(PCL)和聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)作为反硝化缓释碳源和微生物载体,利用清水释碳和批式反硝化试验选出适用于再生水反硝化深度脱氮生物滤池的可生物降解碳源滤料,通过比较与分析碳源滤料的表面形态及物质特性和附着微生物的群落特征揭示其性能优越的原因.结果表明,PHBV反硝化启动时间短,反硝化速率高,剩余有机物浓度低,相比PCL具有更稳定持续的反硝化效果.原因是其表面粗糙,且含有大量C—O和CO等亲水性基团,易于微生物附着和降解利用;其表面附着的微生物种类多样,其中发硫菌属(Thiothrix)、假单胞属(Pseudomonas)、菌胶团属(Zoogloea)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和脱氯菌属(Dechloromonas)等优势菌属均具有异养反硝化功能.因此,PHBV更适合作为再生水反硝化深度脱氮生物滤池的碳源滤料. 相似文献
5.
通过批次实验考察了非生物作用下3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)的有机碳释放规律;以PHBV颗粒和陶粒作为填料建立了填充柱生物膜反应器,并通过长期(90 d)运行考察了其对海水养殖废水中氮的去除性能。结果表明,非生物作用下PHBV难以向水体中释放有机碳;以PHBV作为固态碳源的生物膜反应器可以实现同步硝化反硝化。反应器运行状态(HRT为2 h)稳定后,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为(91.8±1.3)%和(87.5±2.2)%,硝化速率和反硝化速率分别为0.11 g·(L·d)−1和0.20 g·(L·d)−1。填充柱沿水流方向可以分为2个区段,0~20 cm柱体内主要进行同步硝化反硝化过程,20~100 cm柱体内主要进行反硝化过程;反应器中微弱的亚硝酸盐积累可以归因于短程反硝化。以上研究成果可以为海水养殖业绿色发展提供参考。 相似文献
6.
PCR-DGGE技术解析固体碳源表面生物膜的微生物群落结构 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
以聚乳酸/聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯(PLA/PHBV)作为填充床反应器的碳源和生物膜载体,对受硝酸盐污染的水进行生物反硝化脱氮.采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析了PLA/PHBV表面生物膜中微生物群落的结构和动态变化.结果表明,反应器运行初期,生物膜中微生物多样性下降.当反应器稳定运行时,DGGE图谱特征条带的香农威尔指数和辛普森指数均变化不大,微生物群落结构保持相对稳定.DGGE图谱特征条带的16S rDNA序列分析及扫描电镜分析的结果表明,生物膜中的主要微生物均为革兰氏阴性杆菌,包括Diaphorobacter、Acidovorax、Rubrivivax、Azospira、Thermomonas和Devosia,它们分别属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的α-,β-和γ-变形菌纲,其中Diaphorobacter为反应器稳定运行期生物膜中丰度最高的菌群. 相似文献
7.
8.
Long Jiang Jijun Huang Jun Qian Feng Chen Jinwen Zhang Michael P. Wolcott Yawei Zhu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(2):83-93
In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/bamboo pulp fiber (BPF) composites were prepared by melt compounding and injection molding. The
crystallization ability, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and impact strength were found substantially
increased by the addition of BPF. Tensile and flexural elongations were also moderately increased at low fiber contents (<20%).
BPF demonstrated not only higher strength and modulus, but also higher failure strain than the PHBV8 matrix. Boron nitride
(BN) was also investigated as a nucleation agent for PHBV8 and maleic anhydride grafted PHBV8 (MA-PHBV8) as a compatibilizer
for the composite system. BN was found to increase the overall properties of the neat polymer and the composites due to refined
crystalline structures. MA-PHBV8 improved polymer/fiber interactions and therefore resulted in increased strength and modulus.
However, the toughness of the composites was substantially reduced due to the hindrance to fiber pullout, a major energy dissipation
source during the composite deformation. 相似文献
9.
采用了一种可生物降解聚合物(BDP)聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)作为碳源和生物膜载体去除水体中的硝酸盐.结果表明:以PHBV为碳源和载体的反硝化系统启动时间短,硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)去除率高于93%;水力停留时间(HRT)对反硝化效果影响显著,但反硝化系统对进水硝酸盐氮负荷具有较好的抗冲击能力;出水DOC(溶解性有机碳)浓度低于27.5mg/L,表明PHBV具有一定的控释碳源的能力;反应器不同高度脱氮效果差异显著,反应器中层(10-15cm) 处获得最大NO3--N去除率. 相似文献
10.
PHBV泡沫吸油材料的制备及吸油性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以PHBV为基材 ,在不同的助剂条件下采用真空冷冻干燥制备了几种PHBV泡沫吸油材料 ,并进行了吸油性能的比较。实验结果表明 :以三氯甲烷和乙基纤维素为助剂制备的PHBV泡沫吸油材料的吸油率、二次吸油率随着助剂量的增加而有所提高 ,而以乙酸纤维素为助剂制备的PHBV泡沫吸油材料的吸油率、二次吸油率随着助剂量的增加而有所降低 ,三者保油率的变化不明显。当达到最佳配比时 ,三种助剂制备的PHBV泡沫在 2 6℃原油下的吸油率可达 2 0倍 ,在 17℃原油下的吸油率可达 30倍。从吸油性能、成本和环保等方面综合考虑 ,以乙酸纤维素作为助剂的制备方法为最佳 相似文献
1