Exposure assessment of operators to pesticides in Kongou,a sub-watershed of Niger River valley

The use of pesticides in horticultural sector in Niger has become an integral part of modern agriculture. Nevertheless, their inappropriate use can generate negative health effects to operators. A study was carried out among Kongou farmers in order to assess their potential dermal exposure (PDE). The UK-POEM model was used to quantify the PDE during mixing/loading and application according to the local practices. In order to determine which parts of the operator body are subject to most contamination during spraying and to validate the theoretical model used, a patch method was used with a tartrazine dye. The deposits of the tartrazine on patches were measured by colorimetry thanks to the absorbance value determined after their extraction in water and a calibration curve. A total of ten spraying trials (five trials with the hand-held sprayer and five others with the backpack sprayer) were performed by different producers at 0.5 and 1 m height for each trial. The survey shows that 92% of the farmers are illiterate and the most common active substances identified are organophosphate or pyrethroids insecticides. Seventy percent of operators do not use any personal protective equipment (PPE) during mixing/loading or spraying. The predictive systemic exposure levels vary from 0.0027?mg kg^?1 bw per day to 0.7692?mg kg^?1 bw per day for backpack sprayer and from 0.0261?mg kg^?1 bw per day to 0.9788?mg kg^?1 bw per day for hand-held sprayer, several times higher the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL) for some actives substances. Theoretical modeling indicates more exposure of operator by a hand-held sprayer than a backpack sprayer. The patch method results show that the deposits of dye increase when the position of sprayer nozzle increases from 0.5 to 1 m for the two sprayers. All parts of the operator body are contaminated but lower body parts and chest are the most exposed. The patch method results also show that hand spraying contaminates operator more than backpack spraying, confirming the results of the theoretical model.     

特种设备作业人员培训考核工作存在的问题与建议

特种设备作业人员具备一定的安全知识和必要的操作技能,是保障特种设备安全运行的重要因素。分析了培训、考核、发证、用人单位等环节的现状及存在问题,并对特种设备作业人员培训考核工作提出了改革建议。     

体验式生态旅游初探

由于我国生态旅游发展中出现了较严重的泛化问题,不少学者把生态旅游分成了严格意义的生态旅游与一般意义的生态旅游,深层生态旅游与浅层生态旅游,大众化生态旅游与小众型生态旅游等。笔者更愿意把严格意义的生态旅游、深层生态旅游和小众型生态旅游归纳为体验式生态旅游,并从体验旅游的视角对生态旅游进行再认识,尝试对体验式生态旅游进行分析和界定。     

An Observation Method for Analyzing Operators’ Routine Activity in Computerized Control Rooms

An activity analysis method was developed for studying the structure and dynamics of control room operators’ activity during normal operation based on directly observable elements of the operators’ behavior. The method assesses current activity along three dimensions in each 5-min period of the shift. Intensity characterizes arousal level, direction shows whether the activity is directed predominantly at the process control task, at something else, or miscellaneous. Motivation reflects if the activity is driven by intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. A case study is presented, in which 3 morning, 3 afternoon, and 3 night shifts of a Nuclear Power Plant operator crew are involved. The obtained results gave a deeper understanding of the operators’ activity and also revealed an “arousal compensation” tendency.     

施用农药人员的安全与防护——ASTMF2669《旋用农药人员用防护服性能标准》介绍

本文主要介绍了ASTMF2669-2009《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》的分级和检测要求、防护服材料性能要求、材料的抗渗透性指标等,并就施药人员的安全与防护以及完善防护服标准体系提出建议．以为我国广大相关领域人员了解标准和应用标准提供帮助．     

"两级质控、第三方运营"水质自动站管理模式初探

以江苏省太湖流域水质自动站管理模式为例,从运维管理、质控管理等角度介绍了“两级质控、第三方运营”水站管理模式的基本结构、概念和优势.     

工作流技术在水质自动站第三方运营中的应用研究

随着越来越多的水质自动站委托给第三方运营维护,环境监测部门在外包管理中面临着无法跟踪任务进展、无法对运维人员在现场工作进行监督、无法及时检查工作成果等问题。借用信息化手段,将工作流技术引入水质自动站的外包管理,使得每当新发起一个运维任务时,及时建立起一个工作流,监测部门通过对工作流的监控可以实现对运维过程的监督管理,从而解决了这些问题。通过应用工作流技术,提升了环境监测部门对水质自动站第三方运营的管理效率,为水质自动监测数据的获取和利用奠定了更坚实的基础。     

旅游区环境问题及对策

本文首先着重分析了旅游区近年来普遍存在的较突出的环境问题及其产生的根本原因和特点,分析了这些环境问题对旅游区发展产生的不良影响,有针对地提出了一系列解决环境问题、改善环境质量的措施,以期对环境资源的进一步开发利用和保证旅游业健康持续发展有所帮助。     

Ecophysiological Responses of Larix sibiricaLedeb. and Pinus sibiricaDu Tour Undergrowth to Climate Change

The effects of probable climate change—an increase in atmospheric CO₂(by two times), air temperature, precipitation—on CO₂exchange and temperature dependence of net photosynthesis in the larch and Siberian stone pine undergrowth formed in the light larch forests of West Siberia were studied in chambers with an artificial climate. The change of the aforementioned ecological factors caused an increase in the temperature optima of photosynthesis and the range of optimum temperatures (in the case of Siberian stone pine, to a slightly greater degree). Therefore, the ranges of both species may broaden, and the Siberian stone pine can expand to the north, displacing larch tree stands.     

施用农药人员的安全与防护——ASTM F2669《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》介绍

本文主要介绍了ASTM F 2669-2009《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》的分级和检测要求、防护服材料性能要求、材料的抗渗透性指标等,并就施药人员的安全与防护以及完善防护服标准体系提出建议,以为我国广大相关领域人员了解标准和应用标准提供帮助。