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1.
本文简述了室内有害气体氨气污染对人类健康的危害 ,详细介绍了日前国内外测量室内空气中氨含量所应用的不同方法 ,研究讨论了各种方法的最低检测浓度 ,在具体检测中各种不同方法的干扰离子以及干扰离子所允许的最高浓度 ,比较各种不同方法的优劣 相似文献
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强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于<1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6~5. 相似文献
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Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity. 相似文献
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应用原子力显微镜研究盐度对棕囊藻生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
研究不同盐度梯度下棕囊藻的生长,实验设计了10个盐度梯度,结果表明:在盐度8~32范围内,棕囊藻的生长正常,最佳生长盐度为16,当盐度低于8或高于32时,藻的生长明显受到抑制,细胞数量增长缓慢,最大细胞数远低于16盐度组。研究发现:棕囊藻在盐度为0的环境下仍能缓慢生长,说明海洋中的棕囊藻赤潮在内陆的淡水湖也可能暴发,用原子力显微镜研究比较盐度为0及36的棕囊藻细胞表面形态,发现两者差异较显著,前者藻细胞的直径大于后者,且后者藻细胞表面形成了明显的塌陷。 相似文献
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UV Spectroscopic Monitoring of Vaporized Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum-Contaminated Soils
Fast and simple systems using ultraviolet (UV) absorbance were examined for on-line monitoring of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum-contaminated soils in this research. Since soil particles hinder the UV light transmittance, the absorbance measurement of vaporized monoaromatic hydrocarbons in soil gas extracted from petroleum-contaminated soils was proposed. In the fixed system that exhibited higher sensitivity than the portable one, the absorbance intensity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene increased in proportion to the concentration of the contaminants. The portable system, however, was suitable for screening purpose, while it exhibited faster response. There was no interference from water, which helps the applicability of the proposed systems to the actual fields. 相似文献
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Jason A. Dittman James B. Shanley George R. Aiken Janet E. Towse 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1953-1956
Stream water samples were collected over a range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions at three forested watersheds in the northeastern USA. Samples were analyzed for dissolved total mercury (THgd), DOC concentration and DOC composition, and UV254 absorbance across the three sites over different seasons and flow conditions. Pooling data from all sites, we found a strong positive correlation of THgd to DOC (r2 = 0.87), but progressively stronger correlations of THgd with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC (r2 = 0.91) and with UV254 absorbance (r2 = 0.92). The strength of the UV254 absorbance-THgd relationship suggests that optical properties associated with dissolved organic matter may be excellent proxies for THgd concentration in these streams. Ease of sample collection and analysis, the potential application of in-situ optical sensors, and the possibility for intensive monitoring over the hydrograph make this an effective, inexpensive approach to estimate THgd flux in drainage waters. 相似文献
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Excilamps as modern mercury-free sources of narrow-band UV radiation represent an attractive alternative in environmental applications. This review focuses on recent studies on the water and surface decontamination with excilamps by means of direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes. To date, direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2, UV/Fenton and UV/O3 have been applied for degradation of organic compounds (mainly, phenols, dyes and herbicides) in model aqueous solutions. Special emphasis is placed on studies combining UV irradiation (as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step) with biological treatment. In this review, the efficiencies of direct UV, UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 processes for inactivation of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms in water and on surfaces are discussed. The analysis of the literature shows that more works need to be done on scaling up the processes, degradation/mineralization of target pollutant(s) in real effluents and evaluation of energy requirements. 相似文献
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水和废水中黄磷的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验了黄磷在紫外光区的吸收光谱,建立了紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中黄磷的方法.该方法不需酸化、氧化,可在萃取后直接比色测定.当样品中含有石油类干扰物质时,可用含氧化剂的酸性水溶液对萃取液进行反萃取即能将其排除.该方法灵敏,具有测定范围宽、准确度高、精密度好、操作简便等特点. 相似文献