Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

ＧａｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｏｐｔｉｍａｌｃａｐｉｔａｌｃｏｓｔａｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌＣｈｅｎＷｅｎｙｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒ...     

Assessment of the Enabling Rural Innovation (ERI) approach: Case studies from Malawi and Uganda

This paper presents lessons from applying an innovative action research approach for linking smallholder farmers to markets, in eastern and southern Africa. The Enabling Rural Innovation (ERI) approach aims to strengthen social organization and entrepreneurial capacity in rural communities. It focuses on fostering community‐based capacity for the inclusion of rural women and the poor in analyzing and accessing market opportunities. Using case studies from Malawi and Uganda the paper assesses the outcomes of ERI on rural communities with a focus on human capital, gender issues and investment in natural resource management. Results show that households are benefiting significantly from linkages to markets in terms of increasing household incomes, and accumulating assets. Skills in analyzing markets and in negotiating with traders have increased among smallholder farmers. The integration of gender in the approach has led to changes in gender decision making patterns at household and community level towards a more shared decision‐making process. The results however show a difference in skills between men and women, with women showing lower levels of skills acquisition. Farmer participatory research has increased investments in improved technologies such as fertilizer applications for soil fertility management.     

基于农业自然风险综合评价的高标准基本农田建设区划定方法研究

大规模建设高产稳产、旱涝保收的高标准基本农田是当前土地整治的重要任务,论文从分析区域防灾减灾能力入手,将农业生产自然风险综合评价引入高标准基本农田建设区划定,在识别区域主要风险类型的基础上,应用可变模糊集理论,借助GIS 方法,划分综合风险等级,根据风险强度和整治可行性划定高标准基本农田建设区。结合对关中地区的实例分析,研究表明：①使用可变模糊集理论,综合考虑各单因子风险差异,可减少风险定量化的模糊不确定性;②综合风险由致灾因子危险性和承灾体脆弱性共同决定,风险评价结果可为筛选高标准基本农田建设适宜区提供依据;③综合风险等级、集中连片程度和整治潜力共同确定土地整治时序,可为划定高标准基本农田建设区和确定整治规划提供参考。     

Archaeological Evidence of Validity of Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations

Reef‐fish management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish populations prior to large‐scale contemporary human impacts. As a result, relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for populations near sites affected by humans. This space‐for‐time approach can only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space‐for‐time substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400–1700) through historic (AD 1700–1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts in modern times. Evidencia Arqueológica de la Validez de Poblaciones de Peces en Arrecifes Sin Explotar como Objetivos de Apoderamiento para Poblaciones Actuales     

Ecosystem services assessments in local municipal decision making in South Africa: justification for the use of a business-based approach

The ecosystem services (ES) concept is being increasingly incorporated into environmental policy formulation and management approaches. The Corporate Ecosystem Services Review (ESR) is a framework used to assess the dependence and impact that a business has on ES. The success of the corporate experience of ES assessment provides an opportunity for adaption for local authority decision making. In this paper, the ESR tool was adapted to the South African setting at a local government level, and tested at two sites in the Msunduzi Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal. In testing the tool and gathering feedback from key stakeholders, it was found that there are both opportunities and challenges to this approach. Overall, however, it provides an opportunity for the systematic inclusion of ES assessment into existing regulatory frameworks for land-use planning and Integrated Environmental Management, whether in a strategic application, at a broader spatial (municipal) scale or in a specific locale within the municipality.     

上海港对间接腹地经济的作用研究——基于资本路径和物流路径

资本流和物流作为海港对间接腹地经济作用的载体,可以根据其作用路径进行详细分析。通过尝试性地建立面板数据模型,分析海港资本作用枢纽—物流园区、支线港和无水港对间接腹地经济的影响,结合海港对作用枢纽的影响力算法,研究得出上海港通过资本路径对间接腹地生产总值的产出弹性为0.058 6。通过物流路径的系统动力学分析对SD流图进行描述,结合Eviews软件设定各要素的数学方程,选择上海港进行仿真分析,并用历史数据对模型进行检验,误差在可接受的范围之内。进一步对系统进行短期预测,结合预测的结果发现货物运输对间接腹地经济作用的弹性约为0.7。最后分别对上海港主要的吞吐货种进行系统仿真,发现集装箱和石油、天然气及制品的物流运输对间接腹地经济影响最大。     

四川古镇空间结构特征及区域旅游合作分析

运用空间网络分析方法,对四川省14个国家历史文化名镇的空间分布形态以及空间网络结构的连接性、通达性等进行了分析.结果显示,四川古镇呈集聚分布状态,但空间联系较弱,完善旅游交通网络、塑造古镇整体形象、增强区域合作是提升四川古镇旅游竞争力的有效途径.     

酸雨对苏州市文物古建筑的影响初探

近年来，苏州市区酸雨出现频率增加，降水pH值下降，威胁着众多的文物古建筑。因此从苏州现存文物古建筑的五种材质入手，剖析酸雨对文物古建筑的影响，并对国家重点保护文物罗汉院双塔及正殿遗址典型的案例进行了剖析。     

社会资本对山区居民山洪灾害应急避险能力的影响研究*

为研究社会资本对山区居民应急避险能力的影响,在广泛调研的基础上采用结构方程模型分析社会资本与山区居民应急避险能力各要素之间的作用关系。结果表明:个人网络对避险知识和避险意识有显著的正向影响,对避险行为影响不显著;信任与避险知识和避险意识呈显著的正向影响,而与避险行为呈反向影响,但信任可以通过避险知识和避险意识间接正向影响避险行为;互惠对避险知识影响不显著,但互惠与避险意识和避险行为存在显著的正向关系;避险知识和避险意识对避险行为呈显著正向影响,其中避险意识对避险行为影响更为显著。因此可以通过增加山区居民社会资本的方式提高山区居民山洪灾害应急避险能力。     

不同区域古村镇消防行车时间统计特征研究

消防队介入时间是减少火灾损失、提高灭火成功概率的关键,作为消防队介入时间的重要部分,行车时间受到路况、天气等因素的影响,具有很大的不确定性.以位于远郊区和城市中心区域的两个典型古建筑群灭火救援的消防行车时间为研究对象,采用基于电子地图模拟导航的方法实时获取不同时刻消防站到古建筑群的行车时间,结合数据统计对比分析结果表明...