四溴双酚A在污水脱氮除磷过程中迁移转化试验研究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是一种使用广泛的阻燃剂,其扩散到环境介质中,会对生态和人体健康构成威胁,以往研究较少关注TBBPA在脱氮除磷工艺中的迁移转化.采用实验室SBR脱氮除磷反应器,研究了TBBPA在工艺长期运行过程中的去除、在典型周期过程中的变化、在硝化和反硝化过程中的去除.TBBPA在工艺长期运行过程中的去除率为48.4%,其中生物去除率为44.4%,吸附去除率为4.0%.在典型周期中TBBPA浓度受pH影响很大.TBBPA在硝化过程的去除主要是生物作用,而在反硝化过程的去除主要是吸附作用.     

IN SITU MEASUREMENT OF ADSORPTION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION AT A HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE1

ABSTRACT: A three well injection-production test was performed at the United Creosoting Company (UCC) site in Conroe, Texas, to estimate the effective in situ retardation factors for adsorption and to evaluate the significance of biotransformation in limiting the transport of polycydic aromatics present in the shallow aquifer. The field test was also used as a model to determine if this type of testing would be feasible at other hazardous waste sites. During the test, chloride, a non-reactive tracer and two organic compounds, naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene (pDCB), were injected into a center well for 24 hours followed by clean ground water for six days. Ground water was continuously produced from two adjoining wells and monitored to observe the breakthrough of these compounds. Data from the test were analyzed by comparing the statistical moments of the chloride and organics distributions. Retardation factors for naphthalene and pDCB were estimated to be 1.03 and 0.97 by comparison of the statistical moments. A significant loss of naphthalene and pDCB was also observed during the three well test, apparently due to biotransformation. These results suggest that biotransformation is the major process limiting the transport of naphthalene and similar compounds at the UCC site.     

基于可疑筛查技术研究有机磷阻燃剂V6转化规律

运用Orbitrap高分辨质谱仪,评估了人体肝微粒体(HLM)代谢V6的转化规律.除5种已被报道过的O-脱烷基、氧化性去磷酸化和氧化脱氯产物外,首次发现了6种新型产物.基于其MS/MS质谱图,该6种代谢产物被鉴定为醛基和羧基产物.其中,5种代谢物生成量随孵育时间呈线性增加趋势,具有累积性.此外,推导的代谢途径表明,脱烷基化和羟基化代谢物进一步转化为次级代谢物,即醛和羧基代谢物.     

聚氨酯泡沫固定化产碱杆菌细胞生物转化氰化物

利用1株产碱杆菌DN25作为降氰菌株,以聚氨酯泡沫为载体进行固定化,研究其转化特性.结果表明,采用吸附生长法能有效实现菌株DN25的固定,固定细胞量可达到每g泡沫载体生物量干重0.35g.固定化细胞的最适转化温度和pH为35℃、8.0.对于低浓度氰化物,固定化细胞和游离细胞的转化速率相当;对于高浓度氰化物,固定化细胞具有明显优势,不仅可耐受更高浓度的氰化物转化,其转化速率也高于游离细胞,最大转化速率为507mg/(L·h),是游离细胞的2.8倍.通过初步的摇瓶模拟序列批式反应,固定化细胞活性可保持20d.     

微生物转化生产L-苯基乙酰基甲醇(L-PAC)研究进展

L-苯基乙酰基甲醇(L-Phenylacetylcarbinol,L-PAC)在制药业中被用作前体来合成L-麻黄素(L-ephedrine)、D-伪麻黄素(D-pseudoephedrine),在医学上,麻黄素可用来治疗低血压和哮喘,并有利尿之功效[1].近些年有报道指出,L-麻黄素可用于减肥[2].另外,L-PAC还可以用于合成安非他明(ampheta-mine),苯丙胺和苯胺等药物[3].     

Metabolism of the herbicide chlortoluron by human cytochrome P450 3A4

Studies were carried out to investigate the metabolism of herbicide chlortoluron in the microsomal fractions and whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human cytochrome P450 3A4. Both whole cells and microsomal fractions of yeast expressing human cytochrome P450 3A4 exhibited a typical dithionite-reduced, CO-difference absorbance spectrum with maximum absorbance at 448 nm. Chlortoluron produced a type I binding spectrum with cytochrome P450 3A4 with a K_s value of 200 μM. Chlortoluron was metabolised into four metabolites; hydroxylated-N-monodemethylated, hydroxylated ring methylated, N-didemethylated and N-monodemethylated products. Chlortoluron metabolism was absolutely dependent on NADPH and no metabolism was observed in control transformants.     

鲤鱼对2,6-二硝基甲苯的生物浓缩、消除与代谢研究

 以鲤鱼为实验生物，应用流动式摄取及释放装置，进行了2，6－二硝基甲苯（2，6－DNT）的生物浓缩与释放研究。取得了2，6－DNT在鲤鱼（全鱼）、肝及肠部的生物浓缩曲线。全鱼的浓缩曲线可以稳态（平台式）曲线描述，但是肝、肠部浓缩曲线均呈峰形。肝部峰快速下降后渐趋稳态，肠部峰下降未得稳态。峰形，肝在先，肠在后。对比2，6－DNT在全鱼及肝、肠的生物浓缩曲线，并参照报道_（1，2）指出，全鱼摄取曲线上各点所表现的浓度值为各时刻鱼体内各组织摄取化学品总重对全鱼重量的比值。肝、肠部峰形曲线预示了在肝、肠内生物浓缩过程发生了生物转化作用。对全鱼的生物浓缩过程应用单区一级动力学模型，求得BCF值与消除速率常数K₁与K₂，由K₁/K₂计算得到的BCF值与实测值相符。释放较慢，释放曲线呈双曲线形，半减期为4.8h。     

中华圆田螺对沉积物中十溴联苯醚工业品DE-83的生物积累与转化

为研究沉积物中十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的生物有效性,将淡水生态系统中常见的底栖动物中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)暴露于商品DE-83(主要包含92%的BDE-209、6%的BDE-206、1.5%的BDE-207和0.5%的BDE-208)染毒的沉积物,进行60 d养殖实验。根据暴露期间中华圆田螺体内PBDEs含量与同系物组成的变化,探讨了田螺对DE-83的富集动力学、积累常数以及可能发生的生物转化。实验结果显示,DE-83主要同系物均能够被中华圆田螺积累,但是生物有效性非常低,BDE-209、BDE-207和BDE-206的吸收速率常数(k_s)为0.029～0.042 d^-1,BDE-207 > BDE-206 > BDE-209。依据动力学参数推算的生物-沉积物积累因子(BSAF)非常低,分别为0.05(BDE-209)和0.02(BDE-206和BDE-207)。暴露20 d后,中华圆田螺体内有低溴代同系物检出,其含量随暴露时间延长而增加,说明BDE-209在中华圆田螺体内发生了生物转化。     

Effects of the level of dietary protein on the toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane in rats

Male albino rats were fed for 28 days from weaning on diets containing 5% (group 1), 10% (group 2) and 21% (group 3, normal protein) protein as casein. At the end of dietary period, HCH was administered daily for 30 days to investigate the interaction between protein deficiency and pesticide toxicity. The results indicated that rats fed a lower protein diet and HCH had a higher mortality, lower rate of growth, increased liver weight and deposition of the pesticide in blood and tissues in larger amounts. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was significantly increased and the heart rate showed tachycardia in low protein exposed animals. A significant increase of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycirides, free fatty acids in serum and tissues of animals exposed to low protein was observed. A close correlation existed between lipid accumulation and storage of HCH in tissues and dietary protein seemed to play an important role in detoxification.