煤矿安全警示宣传图恐惧诉求效果研究

煤矿安全警示宣传图是普及煤矿安全知识、提升工作人员安全意识的重要途径。含有恐惧诉求效果的警示宣传图经常被作为宣传策略来说服或影响受众者的态度和行为。搜集、设计了5组有无恐惧诉求元素的煤矿安全警示宣传对比图,采用眼动试验、心率监测、调查问卷、访谈等方法研究有无恐惧诉求元素煤矿安全警示宣传图的效果差异。结果表明:被试在观看有恐惧诉求元素安全警示宣传图时,注视点较集中在含有恐惧诉求元素的兴趣区,瞳孔较大,平均心率较高;有恐惧诉求元素的安全警示图更能吸引被试的注意力,增强被试的记忆效果,但有恐惧诉求元素的安全警示宣传图在设计时要注意恐惧诉求元素区域与文字标语的配合;"漫画+文字标语"型恐惧诉求安全警示宣传图表达委婉、主题突出、言简意赅,更容易被接受。     

职业眼面部防护标准体系构建的探讨

标准体系是在一定范围内相关标准按其内在联系而形成的科学有机整体。标准体系的研究与构建是标准化工作的一项重要基础性工作。本文在简要分析我国职业眼面部防护标准体系现状的基础上,根据标准体系的建设目标和编制原则,提出并构建了我国职业眼面部防护标准体系框架。     

Differences in Eye and Hand Movements of Novice and Experienced Press Operators

Presses are very widely used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of the accidents are due to inadequate training of novice operators. Continuous recordings of eye and hand movements of five novice operators and five experienced operators in press operation were made. Significant difference between novice and experienced operators was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand dwell time, and eye-hand coordination. Also, differences were observed in spatial distribution of eye fixations during the die-closing portion of a stroke. There were no significant differences between novice and experienced operators in the eye and the hand movement time. The results could be used as basic data to establish a guide determining the method and training period to train novice operators.     

模拟SPO情境中的飞行员脑力负荷测量与分析*

为探究单一飞行员驾驶模式（SPO）下飞行员的脑力负荷水平,设计并实施模拟单人驾驶情境中的非正常任务场景处置实验。首先,基于准5级模拟驾驶舱,设计飞行任务场景;其次,招募20名航线飞行员被试,开展模拟飞行实验,记录被试的生理数据心率变异性指标及眼动数据;最后,结合客观生理数据以及主观量表进行脑力负荷分析,记录单发失效故障处置时间并进行任务绩效分析。研究结果表明:与双人制机组相比,单人驾驶情境中飞行员的脑力负荷增幅并不显著,处于可接受范围;单人制驾驶舱的任务设计及智能辅助系统使用对于降低飞行员工作负荷,提升飞行绩效至关重要。研究结果可为单一飞行员驾驶模式实施提供理论支持,并为未来单人制驾驶舱及机载自动化系统设计提供指标参考。     

The development of fetal behavioural states: A longitudinal study

In order to evaluate the development of fetal behavioural states a longitudinal study was performed on 35 healthy fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements (FM), fetal eye movements (FEM), fetal breathing movements (FBM) and micturition were simultaneously studied at two-week intervals from 28 weeks gestation onwards. Well-defined fetal behavioural states were observed only after 36 weeks gestation. Between 28 and 36 weeks the quiet-activity cycle of FHR was always detected and some fetal biophysical activites seemed to become related around this cycle.     

Prenatal diagnosis of the derivative chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Cytogenetic studies of cultured amniocytes demonstrated a karyotype of 46, XX/47, XX,+mar. A bisatellited, dicentric, distamycin-DAPI negative, NOR-positive marker was present in 76 per cent of the metaphases examined. Similar markers have been associated with cat eye syndrome (CES). We report on the utilization of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 14/22 a-satellite probe and a chromosome 22-specific cosmid for locus D22S9 to determine the origin of the prenatally detected supernumerary marker chromosome. FISH studies demonstrated that the marker is a derivative of chromosome 22 and enabled us to provide the family with additional prognostic information.     

Airbag deployment–related eye injuries

Objective: We studied the correlation between airbag deployment and eye injuries using 2 different data sets.

Methods: The registry of the Finnish Road Accident (FRA) Investigation Teams was analyzed to study severe head- and eyewear-related injuries. All fatal passenger car or van accidents that occurred during the years 2009–2012 (4 years) were included (n = 734). Cases in which the driver's front airbag was deployed were subjected to analysis (n = 409). To determine the proportion of minor, potentially airbag-related eye injuries, the results were compared to the data for all new eye injury patients (n = 1,151) recorded at the Emergency Clinic of the Helsinki University Eye Hospital (HUEH) during one year, from May 1, 2011, to April 30, 2012.

Results: In the FRA data set, the unbelted drivers showed a significantly higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR] = 5.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.33–10.9, P = 2.6E-12) or of sustaining head injuries (OR = 2.50, 95% CI, 1.59–3.97, P = 3.8E-5). Only 4 of the 1,151 HUEH patients were involved in a passenger car accident. In one of the crashes, the airbag operated, and the belted driver received 2 sutured eye lid wounds and showed conjunctival sugillation. No permanent eye injuries were recorded during the follow-up. The calculated annual airbag-related eye injury incidence was less than 1/1,000,000 people, 4/100,000 accidents, and 4/10,000 injured occupants.

Conclusions: Airbag-related eye injuries occurred very rarely in car accidents in cases where the occupant survived and the restraint system was appropriately used. Spectacle use did not appear to increase the risk of eye injury in restrained occupants.     

基于支持向量机的管制疲劳检测模型研究

管制疲劳是影响民航安全的重大隐患,准确检测疲劳状态是进行疲劳预警、降低疲劳风险的关键。提出应用支持向量机模型融合多生理参数和眼动指标进行管制疲劳检测,通过MP150多导生理记录仪与眼动仪,采集模拟管制试验中正常与剥夺睡眠状态下被试的试验数据,同时记录其Karolinska疲劳等级和操作绩效。结果表明,RR间期、LF/HF、快慢波比值、PERCLOS和扫视速度均与管制疲劳呈较强相关,利用支持向量机融合五项指标构建管制疲劳检测模型,对于五级疲劳度的识别准确率为78. 1%,判断正常组与剥夺睡眠组的准确率为94. 2%。     

脑力疲劳与非疲劳状态眼动指标的判别

为研究利用眼动指标(注视点个数FC、平均注视时间AFD、平均眼跳幅度ASA、最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max及反应时RD)对脑力疲劳状态进行判定,通过眼动追踪技术,测试了不同脑力疲劳程度的眼动指标值并进行分析。结果表明:1)通过FC、AFD、ASA和Pupil Max四个眼动指标可以判定被试者所处的疲劳状态; 2)当测试者注视点个数FC处于(11,13)区间,平均注视时间AFD处于(328,409)区间,平均眼跳幅度ASA处于(5,7)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(992,1 124)区间时为非疲劳状态;当FC处于(7,10)区间,AFD处于(263,319)区间,ASA处于(2,4)区间,最大瞳孔面积Pupil Max处于(584,935)时可以认定被试者为疲劳状态。