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1.
Julie Steinkopf Rice 《Sustainable Development》2010,18(1):42-50
Fair trade is often viewed as an alternative to free trade that reduces global inequality and poverty. This paper examines whether fair trade is truly an alternative to the free market, and as a consequence whether it can effectively advance gender equality and alleviate the poverty of women in less developed countries (LDCs). First, neoclassical economics and trade liberalization policies are reviewed. The paper then examines how fair trade seeks to correct market imperfections, thereby making the free market more efficient in distributing wealth. The ability of fair trade to address the central issues related to trade liberalization and women in LDCs is discussed, and the gendered structures of fair trade identified. Whether fair trade can provide gender equality within global capitalist structures is a theoretical matter that requires further empirical inquiry. Suggestions for future research, informed by feminist theories of the political economy, are provided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
2.
对生态补偿政策的几点思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
李克国 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(1):19-22
建立生态补偿政策是实现“三个转变”和制度创新的需要。环境资源价值理论、经济外部性理论和公共产品理论是生态补偿政策的理论基础;“破坏者付费,保护者受益原则”、“受益者补偿原则”、“公平性原则”、“政府主导、市场推进原则”和“分步推进”是生态补偿的基本原则。目前,我国事实的生态补偿政策主要包括财政补偿、流域内部补偿、征收生态环境补偿税费、市场方式补偿、异地开发补偿和国家间补偿。中国的生态补偿政策存在观念障碍、法律障碍、技术障碍,需要采取有效措施,尽快完善我国的生态补偿政策。 相似文献
3.
《Sustainable Development》2018,26(4):379-398
The aim of this paper is to assess to what extent producers' participation in fair trade can increase their adaptive capacity and make them more resilient to climate change. Based on the adaptation deficit framework of Fankhauser and McDermott (2014) and an expert interview with 39 producer organizations from Latin America, Asia and Africa, we first determine the perception and the impacts of climate change on fair trade producers' organizations. We then analyze how fair trade is helping producers to increase their adaptive capacity. Our results suggest that fair trade affects the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in developing countries in two ways. First, it can work as a growth policy and affects the disposable income, which is then partly spent on adaptation measures. Second, by increased knowledge exchange, a higher degree of social capital and a better access to the international community, it makes the supply of adaptation more efficient. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
4.
Farmers' organizations are essential actors in fair trade certification schemes, and therefore in delivering their associated benefits for poor small‐scale farmers. However, the dynamics and challenges faced by these cooperative organizations have been largely bypassed in the fair trade literature. In this context, this paper aims to unpack the multiple, coexisting and interwoven marketing channels available for small‐scale coffee producers, unveiling potential sources of uncertainty and tensions among competing actors and interests, and identifying and assessing the strategies used by organizations to influence farmers' marketing decisions. The analysis comprises two case studies based in the department of Huehuetenango (Guatemala), where the existence of distinct marketing channels combines with processes of product differentiation, namely organic production. Results show the limitations of standard fair trade mechanisms to secure farmers' engagement with cooperative organizations. Rather, technical advice to improve farming practices and quality construction seem to be a more effective mechanism to govern this collective supply chain. Nevertheless, these strategies could be further constrained by productive and organizational factors, affecting the sustainability of potential benefits delivered by these key collective actors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
5.
针对灾后初期应急物资紧缺以及不同受灾点、不同应急物资时间窗约束亦不相同的情况,开展应急物资配送以及车辆路径规划问题研究;以最大化时间满意度和需求满意度为目标,同时兼顾应急救援过程中的公平性原则,构建基于综合时间窗约束下的应急物资配送路径方案生成模型;采用亚当斯的公平分配理论计算需求满意度,并通过遗传算法原理求解模型;结合实际案例,对比分析不同公平分配方法求解所得结果,从而选择最佳物资调配方案,并识别物资配送路径中关键路段,以便加强防护,保障物资运输通畅。结果表明:该方法可高效解决资源紧缺情况下应急物资调配及车辆路径方案生成问题,并能有效识别关键运输路段。 相似文献
6.
颜俊 《中国人口．资源与环境》2007,17(3):24-27
人类社会的发展是一个世代发展的过程。因此．代际公平是可持续发展的根本所在。根据“代际”一词有不同的理解。“公平”在不同的社会有不同的含义,尤其是对代际公平的含义、原则进行了探讨。代际公平实现的策略是：基于压力-状态-反应的人力资源可持续开发;基于艾奇沃斯方框图分析的自然资源可持续利用;鉴于客观上当代具有优先权,代际之间在环境污染上则采用非合作博弈。 相似文献
7.
Ans Kolk 《Sustainable Development》2013,21(5):324-337
This overview article examines the various dimensions of sustainable coffee as well as the actors involved and their perceptions of how to advance the market from niche to mainstream. The issues at hand are very complex, with different types of coffee producers, manufacturing/roasting companies and consumers, and a variety of standards, all with their own peculiarities and views on what is the best approach, and characterized by a divergent potential for ‘scaling up’. Policymakers, managers and NGOs thus face difficult choices as to which path to pursue as there is no clear consensus on a concrete ‘solution’ to this ‘wicked problem’. The article analyses the market for sustainable coffee, the different types of certified coffee available and their peculiarities considering production and supply perspectives, in relation to consumers who buy the final product. Implications are discussed as well, in the context of complexity and confusion, and the need for more complementarity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
8.
《Sustainable Development》2018,26(1):65-82
The sustainable development agenda has long been linked with social justice, income equality, and workers' rights. This article argues that voluntary sustainability standards‐setting organizations (VSSSOs) can contribute to these goals by requiring employers to pay living wages and actively support collective bargaining. Examining the content of 25 voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) set by 16 systematically selected VSSSOs, this study finds that only 32% of VSS mandate a living wage, and only 16% rigorously support collective bargaining. It argues that supporting national minimum wages is helpful but not sufficient, examines sources of downward pressure on VSS, identifies potential explanations for variation among standards, and briefly describes a new initiative promoting living wage standards. While VSS are not a silver bullet for sustainable development or wage equity, VSSSOs are overlooking a significant opportunity to be a transformative part of a broader solution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
9.
排污权与碳排放权系包含关系,对碳排放权属性的定位主要集中在许可证论、用益物权论以及环境权论三个方面。通过对碳排放权初始分配公平问题的必要性分析,探析初始分配效率、分配模式的内在缺陷和行政权介入对初始分配公平的影响。从加强制度衔接、确定总量目标、主体资格审查和提高监测技术等方面予以完善,以实现初始分配公平。 相似文献
10.
刘景凯 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(6):87-91
安全生产的形势正在实现持续好转,但因人员违章和不安全行为引发的事故仍未根本杜绝,人因问题成为当今安全管理和文化建设研究一项十分重要的课题。通过行为安全研究和管理体系分析表明,规章制度的完整性、有效性、可操作性及员工的接受能力等因素,都将影响到员工遵章程度和安全行为。不加区分对待和从管理的深层次剖析,对违章和不安全行为一律强调和执行严厉处罚的纪律处理,并不能很好的解决人员违章问题。本文通过对人员行为安全、规章制度建设和管理体系的全面分析,阐述了＂不谴责＂安全文化建设的工作原理,针对不同的安全管理阶段和工作实际,提出了推行基于＂公平和公正＂这一＂不谴责＂安全文化的具体对策,对解决企业当前安全管理工作中所遇到的一些问题,有一定的指导意义。 相似文献