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排序方式: 共有110条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Tadeusz Grega Dorota Najgebauer Marek Sady Piotr Tomasik 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):17-25
Novel biodegradable materials were prepared from potato starch enriched in phosphato moieties (DS 0.018 and 0.033) and casein in defatted milk. The components were blended in proportions providing starch: casein ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 and were then precipitated with hydrochloric acid. Aqueous solubility, water-binding capacity, infrared spectra, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry[7] and differential thermogravimetry of the precipitates revealed that they were not simple physical mixtures of the components. The components interacted with one another electrostatically with involvement of the phosphate groups of starch and the peptide bond of casein, as documented by infrared spectra. Because of insolubility in 7 M aqueous urea solution, they might also be considered as complexes in which the components were chemically bound. 相似文献
2.
棉花是纺织业的重要原料,是人民群众生活不可或缺的必需品,同时也是我国进出口重要的商品。研究如何安全有效地进行棉花的储备具有十分重要的现实意义。棉纤维本身含有脂肪、蜡质和果胶等适合微生物生长繁殖的营养物质。在棉花储备中,高的回潮率会加速微生物的繁殖,进而产生热量。热量的累积会引起温度升高以及棉花霉变,不利于棉花的安全有效储存。因此,通过静电吸附法将安全无毒的有机锌络合物附着在棉纤维表面,研究表明,相同条件下,处理棉的霉变状况明显得到抑制。加速发霉条件下,未处理棉的相对于白纸的平均色差值为28.10,而双乙酸锌以及苯甲酸锌防霉处理棉的色差值分别为5.16和5.86,下降了81.6%和79.1%。自然发霉条件下,双乙酸锌以及苯甲酸锌防霉处理棉的色差值分别下降了53.8%和50.7%。同时研究了纯棉以及处理棉氮气下的热分解动力学,相比于未处理棉,双乙酸锌防霉处理后活化能下降了15.8%,而苯甲酸锌防霉处理后活化能下降了10.9%。此外,利用实时红外和热重红外联用技术得到了样品在热解过程中固相以及气相的裂解产物的红外谱图,发现防霉处理能一定程度上抑制棉花热解。 相似文献
3.
旅游综合体顺应了世界休闲业发展的潮流,它以旅游为主导,是一种全新的生产力形态。界定了城市旅游综合体的基本概念,归纳了城市旅游综合体的主要特征,探讨了城市旅游综合体形成的机制,认为旅游消费转型发展、地方特色文化传承、城市商业发展、旅游供给能力升级、政府的城市发展政策支持是城市旅游综合体形成的主要因素。依据城市旅游综合体发展的核心驱动功能不同,将城市旅游综合体的开发模式分为娱乐旅游综合体、休闲度假游综合体、会展旅游综合体和商业旅游综合体4种类型,在此基础上,提出了促进城市旅游综合体健康持续发展的对策。 相似文献
4.
Hojaji E 《Chemosphere》2012,89(3):319-326
The binding behavior of lignin for Pb, Cu, Co, Mn, Cd and Ni was studied using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT). Samplers with different structures of diffusive gel were used in the well-stirred systems containing known concentrations of metals along with (a) 10, 20 and 40 μM lignin and; (b) 0.64 and 6.47 μM Suwannee river fulvic acid + 40 μM lignin at an ionic strength of 0.01 M (NaNO3) and pH = 7. Diffusion coefficients of lignin complexes in acrylamide gels were estimated and found to be less than 5% of the equivalent coefficients for the uncomplexed metal ions. These values were used to calculate concentrations of labile metals from DGT measurements in solutions, where lignin could discriminate metals in the order of Pb+2 > Cu+2 > Cd+2 > Ni+2 > Co+2 > Mn+2. Stability constants (Log K) were calculated using Visual MINTEQ II and WHAM V software. The K values were compared with the stability constants from titration of Pb and Cd with 10 μM lignin aqueous samples and with those of humic substances in natural waters. The constants obtained from measurement of complexing capacities might bias the real corresponding values unless two line regression analyses on titration data are considered. The DGT study of fractionation of metal species at varying ratios indicated that the proportion of organic complexes decreased with increasing ratios and gradually more metals were exchanged with inorganic phases. Speciation of Pb and Cd is affected by the concentrations of FA, Cd is dominantly bound with FA while Pb is evenly partitioned between the ligands. The comprehensive knowledge of metal-lignin complexes sheds some light on in situ operational speciation information that can be achieved by DGT. 相似文献
5.
Patrick Riefer Timm Klausmeyer Andreas SchäFfer Jan Schwarzbauer Burkhard Schmidt 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):394-403
Anthropogenic contaminants like nonylphenols (NP) are added to soil, for instance if sewage-sludge is used as fertilizer in agriculture. A commercial mixture of NP consists of more than 20 isomers. For our study, we used one of the predominate isomers of NP mixtures, 4-(3,5-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol, as a representative compound. The aim was to investigate the fate and distribution of the isomer within soil and soil derived organo-clay complexes. Therefore, 14C- and 13C-labeled NP was added to soil samples and incubated up to 180 days. Mineralization was measured and soil samples were fractionated into sand, silt and clay; the clay fraction was further separated in humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. The organo-clay complexes pre-incubated for 90 or 180 days were re-incubated with fresh soil for 180 days, to study the potential of re-mobilization of incorporated residues. The predominate incorporation sites of the nonylphenol isomer in soil were the organo-clay complexes. After 180 days of incubation, 22 % of the applied 14C was mineralized. The bioavailable, water extractable portion was low (9 % of applied 14C) and remained constant during the entire incubation period, which could be explained by an incorporation/release equilibrium. Separation of organo-clay complexes, after extraction with solvents to release weakly incorporated, bioaccessible portions, showed that non-extractable residues (NER) were preferentially located in the humic acid fraction, which was regarded as an effect of the chemical composition of this fraction. Generally, 27 % of applied 14C was incorporated into organo-clay complexes as NER, whereas 9 % of applied 14C was bioaccessible after 180 days of incubation. The re-mobilization experiments showed on the one hand, a decrease of the bioavailability of the nonylphenol residues due to stronger incorporation, when the pre-incubation period was increased from 90 to 180 days. On the other hand, a shift of these residues from the clay fraction to other soil fractions was observed, implying a dynamic behavior of incorporated residues, which may result in bioaccessibility of the NER of nonylphenol. 相似文献
6.
7.
The enemies within: intergenomic conflict, interlocus contest evolution (ICE), and the intraspecific Red Queen 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Different loci within the genome of a single species can potentially coevolve in a manner that is analogous to the Red Queen
process among species. The major factor driving this antagonistic coevolution among loci is intergenomic conflict, i.e., discord
between individuals that is mediated by two or more gene products that are derived from different gene loci. We conclude that
antagonistic coevolution is common among loci that code for social interactions, and that it has broad evolutionary implications,
especially in the context of speciation and sex chromosome evolution.
Received: 15 January 1997 / Accepted after revision: 14 April 1997 相似文献
8.
Christopher?H.?SchillingEmail author Piotr?Tomasik David?S.?Karpovich Bruce?Hart Jagdeep?Garcha Paul?T.?Boettcher 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(3):203-211
Corn distillers’ dry grain, corncob powder, hardwood powder, and sugar beet pulp were separately anionized by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution. Solid reaction products instantly precipitated upon admixing each of the above-oxidized materials with soy protein isolate. Infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry supported the hypothesis that soy protein isolate complexed with all of the above-oxidized polysaccharides. Reaction products with either oxidized corn distillers’ dry grain or oxidized sugar beet pulp provided hard, brittle pellets with tensile strengths as high as 9.5 MPa, suggesting that these materials could be viable as biodegradable plastics. 相似文献
9.
10.
Zhang C Wang L Wu F Deng N 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):156-160
Background For their high photoreactivity, Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes are important sources of H2O2 for some atmospheric and surface
waters. Citrate is one kind of carboxylate, which can form complexes with Fe(III). In our previous study, we have applied
Fe(III)-citrate complexes to degrade and decolorize dyes in aqueous solutions both under UV light and sunlight. Results have
shown that carboxylic acids can promote the photodegradation efficiency. It is indicated that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate
complexes may cause the formation of some reactive species (e. g. H2O2 and ·OH). This work is attempted to quantify hydroxyl
radicals generated in the aqueous solution containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes and to interpret the photoreactivity of Fe(III)-citrate
complexes for degrading organic compounds.
Methods By using benzene as the scavenger to produce phenol, the photogeneration of ·OH in the aqueous solution containing Fe (III)-citrate
complexes was determined by HPLC.
Results and Discussion In the aqueous solution containing 60.0/30.0 mM Fe(III)/citrate and 7.0 mM benzene at pH 3.0, 96.66 mM ·OH was produced after
irradiation by a 250W metal halide light (l ≥ 313 nm) for 160 minutes. Effects of initial pH value and concentrations of Fe(III)
and citrate on ·OH radical generation were all examined. The results show that the greatest photoproduction of ·OH in the
aqueous solution (pH ranged from 3.0 to 7.0) was at pH 3.0. The photoproduction of ·OH increased with increasing Fe(III) or
citrate concentrations.
Conclusion In the aqueous solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes, ·OH radicals were produced after irradiation by a 250W metal
halide light. It can be concluded that Fe(III)-citrate complexes are important sources of ·OH radicals for some atmospheric
and surface waters.
Recommendations and Outlook It is believed that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate complexes in the presence of oxygen play an important role in producing
·OH both in atmospheric waters and surface water where high concentrations of ferric ions and citrate ions exist. The photoproduction
of ·OH has a high oxidizing potential for the degradation of a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic
substances. We can use this method for toxic organic pollutants such as organic dyes and pesticides. 相似文献