TRANSIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SNAKE RIVER PLAIN,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States.     

新发展阶段我国企业水信息披露评价研究

推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生是我国社会主义建设新时期的重点方向与方略。绿水青山就是金山银山,水信息披露作为治理企业水污染的首要环节、重要手段,在国内还未充分引起企业与有关部门的重视。本文通过构建中国上市公司水信息披露指标体系,弥补了我国多年来在水信息披露评价体系中的不足。基于该指标体系,结合三维度打分法、层次分析法和内容分析法,本研究人工搜集整理既往企业水信息并从披露整体情况、披露水平以及披露内容三个方面分析了我国上市企业水信息披露现状。结果表明,现阶段我国企业水信息披露还存在披露程度低、披露差异明显、披露内容可靠性不强等问题,其根源来自政府政策滞后、社会面监督不充分、企业战略缺失等因素。为此,本文从健全水信息披露框架、完善法律制度、落实法律监督、建立新闻发布制度、引导金融机构参与等方面为推动企业水信息披露提供建议。     

3株反硝化聚磷菌的分离与鉴定

通过烛缸法培养富集、分离,结合除磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验相结合的方法筛选,得到3株具有较高脱氮除磷效率的反硝化聚磷菌DNPA8, DNPA9和DNPA10。在富氮富磷培养基中培养48 h,各菌株的脱氮率均大于75%,除磷率均大于78%。采用多相分类的方法确定了3株反硝化聚磷菌的分类地位,DNPA8为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,DNPA9为水生丛毛单胞菌属首次发现的反硝化聚磷菌;DNPA10为约翰逊氏不动杆菌。该研究结果为富营养化水体的治理提供了有效的菌种资源。     

Impacts on industry of Europe's emerging chemicals policy REACh

For Europe, a new regime in chemicals regulation is about to start. After the proposal of the European Commission concerning the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) passed its readings in the European Parliament and some differences with the European Council of Ministers were resolved, the regulation will come into force in June 2007. This paper is focused on the question how serious the cost burdens for industry induced by REACh will be, and whether the New European Member States (NMS) which joined the European Union in May 2004 will be able to cope with the regulation. This evaluation has been done by assessing the legislative, administrative and economic framework in New Member States and by analysing real business cases in companies. The empirical showcase business impact studies are at the same time of interest for companies of EU-15 states, other European countries who may implement the regulation, and even for exporters of raw materials and chemicals outside Europe, who will also have to comply with REACh if they market in the European Community. The results give no indications that REACh adoption will bring significant drawbacks to companies in the NMS. The emerging regulation will bring challenges for individual companies, especially for small and medium-sized ones, but for the European chemical industry as a whole, there is no question that it will be able to cope with REACh burdens without losing its global competitiveness.     

解决全球变暖问题,发达国家与发展中国家的分歧

本文论述了全球变暖对经济发展的影响。论述了在联合国气候变化峰会上,发达国家与发展中国家发生严重分歧。说明了我国坚持共同但有区别的责任原则,实现互利共赢,促进共同发展。会议无果而终。     

我国水源污染事故风险点定量识别方法

水源事故的频发会对城市供水系统产生威胁,有必要针对供水系统风险进行评估和防控。针对水源事故频发及高发因素定量甄别研究,筛选统计了国内近20年来1 900多起水质突发事故案例,梳理了触发水源水质污染的多种因素,通过构建水源水质安全事故树和贝叶斯网络进行了相互验证分析。结果表明：我国水源污染事故主要因素贡献为依次突然排放(0.466)、污染长期累积(0.242)、交通事故(0.109)等;采用贝叶斯网络计算进行验证,其结果与事故树方法一致性较好。该方法有助于水源污染防控工作中风险点甄别和排序,可为我国饮用水安全保障水平的提升提供支撑。     

政策干预对提高煤矿职工素质影响探讨

煤矿井下作业人员素质低,是煤矿事故多发的重要原因之一.建议从大幅度提高煤矿井下人员工资待遇,吸引高素质人才从事煤矿工作;全方位开展煤矿职业培训工作,坚持先培训后就业,实行煤矿从业准入制;对现在岗的煤矿从业人员分期分批进行培训,实现煤矿从业人员持证上岗;政府出台政策,强制煤矿企业开展职工岗位技术培训和安全培训等4个方面着手,切实提高煤矿从业人员的整体素质,减少煤矿事故的发生.     

再生水中优先控制有毒污染物的筛查方法

建立了一种适用于再生水中优先控制有毒有机污染物筛查的方法.针对样品前处理方法中的固相萃取柱的选择和洗脱剂条件等进行了优化设计,利用保留时间锁定和谱图解卷积技术分辨复杂系统中的目标污染物,并利用有毒化合物数据库进行有毒污染物甄别.结果表明,采用C18柱串联HLB柱的方法进行富集,用1:1(V/V)的正己烷/二氯甲烷混合溶剂和4:1(V/V)的二氯甲烷/甲醇混合溶剂进行分级洗脱的前处理方法,对分配系数(logKow)在1.48~6.41之间的30种化合物平均回收率在52.1%~138%之间,相对标准偏差值均<13.6%.将该方法应用于天津空港地区再生水中有毒有机污染物的筛查,2007~2008年度2次采集样品分别筛查出30种有毒有机污染物,其中有7种属于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中已列入监管范围的污染物,11种未列入排放标准监测范围.比较污水处理厂进、出水以及地表水中检出污染物,发现现有污水处理工艺对筛查出的优先有机污染物处理效果不佳.     

国家环境经济政策进展评估报告2021

本年度报告采取实地调研法和政策分析法,针对2021年我国环境经济政策实践开展系统评估,总体认为2021年环境经济政策体系建设不断健全,环境经济政策改革与创新工作取得了重要进展,在深入打好污染防治攻坚战、持续改善生态环境质量、支撑服务全面绿色低碳发展转型中发挥了重要作用,成为生态文明与美丽中国建设的重要动力机制。在快速变化的宏观经济社会形势和新冠肺炎疫情的巨大冲击下,环境经济政策改革与创新需要进一步统筹国内国际发展新形势,在协同推进高质量发展和高水平生态环境保护工作中发挥更加重要作用。