间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵对填埋稳定化飞灰中重金属浸出行为影响

以间歇-分阶段进水方式进行了模拟酸雨柱式动态淋溶实验.结果表明,间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵会影响填埋飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浸出行为;尤其间歇停滞期后的初期酸雨入侵会增加多数重金属的再浸出水平,且该部分重金属的释放主要源于前阶段酸雨侵蚀过程中所形成的非稳定性(弱酸态)重金属.各酸雨侵蚀阶段,部分重金属(如Pb-Zn)的浸出行为具有相关性,这与各重金属在飞灰基质内的赋存形态、矿物相稳定性及酸性侵蚀程度等有关.各阶段酸雨入侵会相继溶出飞灰中的可溶性(NaCl、KCl等)、难溶性氯盐(CaClOH)以及微溶性钙盐(CaSO₄),并增加CaCO₃和Ca-Al-Si-O等矿物的峰强.各阶段酸雨入侵会使初始飞灰表面的团簇状结构逐渐被酸性(H⁺)侵蚀作用破坏,并暴露出大量棒状或条形状CaCO₃晶体,且随着酸雨入侵次数的增加,CaCO₃也将逐渐被侵蚀破坏.本研究为非连续酸性降雨条件下填埋稳定化飞灰的重金属浸出行为评价及风险管控提供了科学依据.     

用磁稳流化床过滤含尘气体的实验研究

研究磁场强度、气体表观流速比、铁磁性颗粒平均粒径、床层厚度、粉尘在滤料中的积累等因素对除尘效率的影响．结果表明,在磁稳状态,磁稳流化床的过滤效率大于９９％,且随床层厚度的增加和铁磁颗粒粒径的减小而增大．另一方面,随着床内粉尘的积累,磁稳流化床将退出磁稳状态,使过滤效率下降．退出磁稳状态的临界饱和点粉尘量与磁场强度有关,当磁场强度为４３００Ａ／ｍ,临界饱和点粉尘与铁磁颗粒的质量百分比约为６．７％．     

施用高效氮肥对农田N2O的减排效果及经济效益分析

收集高效氮肥N2O排放资料,利用整合分析法分析高效氮肥对N2O的减排效果.稳定性氮肥排放的N2O是普通肥料的0.66倍,减排效果显著;包膜缓释氮肥N2O排放量为普通氮肥的0.95倍,无显著减排效果.若将全国范围的普通氮肥替换为稳定性氮肥、且用N量不变时,稳定性氮肥在中国农田的N2O减排潜力均值为1.03×108 kgN/a,碳排放交易收入为16.86亿元/a;根据现有市场上稳定性氮肥的价格,每亩地每季补贴4.9元,碳排放交易收入和稳定性氮肥成本增加量相抵.由于稳定性氮肥能有效提高N利用率,保证农作物吸N总量不变时减少用N量,稳定性肥料N利用率提高8个百分点时,N2O减排经济效益(即碳排放交易收入-稳定性氮肥成本增加量)为94亿元/a.     

Solubility of ion and trace metals from stabilized sewage sludge by fly ash and alkaline mine tailing

Stabilized sewage sludge （SS） by fly ash （FA） and alkaline mine tailing as artificial soil, to be applied on the ecological rehabilitation at mining junkyards, offers a potentially viable utilization of the industrial by-product, as well as solves the shortage of soil resource in the mine area. An incubation experiment with different ratios of SS and FA was conducted to evaluate the solubility of ions and trace elements from stabilized sewage sludge. Results showed that fly ash offset a decrease in pH value of sewage sludge. The pH of （C） treatment （FA：SS = 1：1） was stable and tended to neutrality. The SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations of the solution in the mixture were significantly decreased in the stabilized sewage sludge by alkaline fly ash and mine tailing, compared to the single SS treatment. Stabilized sewage sludge by FA weakened the nitrification of total nitrogen from SS when the proportion of FA in the mixture was more than 50%. The Cr, Ni, and Cu concentrations in the solution were gradually decreased and achieved a stable level after 22 days, for all treatments over the duration of the incubation. Moreover stabilized sewage sludge by fly ash and/or mine tailing notably decreased the trace metal solubility. The final Cr, Cu, and Ni concentrations in the solution for all mixtures of treatments were lower than 2.5, 15, and 50 μg/L, respectively.     

透水砖铺装的设施构造对运行效果的影响

为考察缝隙透水砖铺装的基层构造与材料对设施运行效果的影响,在上海市区建造了2个缝隙透水砖铺装(permeable interlocking concrete pavement,PICP)与1个不透水混凝土铺装(concrete pavement,CP)停车场,其中2个缝隙透水砖铺装分别采用水泥稳定碎石(PICP1)和普通碎石(PICP2)作为基层结构.在2018年实际降雨条件下对2个设施的水文效果及底部出流水质进行了长期监测.结果表明PICP1与PICP2的年径流总量控制率相近,分别为37. 0%和38. 7%,PICP1的峰值削减率及峰现延迟时间略优于PICP2.水质控制效果方面,PICP1比PICP2有更好地NH_4~+-N转化效果,两种设施底部出流均存在NO_3~--N淋出的现象; PICP1底部出流的TSS、TP、颗粒态磷和溶解态磷浓度均低于PICP2.采用水泥稳定碎石作为基层有助于提高设施的水质净化效果,并改善设施的水文控制效果.     

废旧混凝土用作水泥稳定基层的实验研究

随着城市建设的发展,城市道路改建时产生的大量的废弃混凝土块的有效利用成了一个亟待解决的问题。结合宜昌市东山大道改建项目,将废弃的混凝土面板加工形成再生集料用作水泥稳定碎石基层,达到节约资源和保护环境的目的。实验分析了再生集料的颗粒级配、压碎值、针片状颗粒含量、表观密度和吸水率等工程性质指标,同时对水泥稳定再生碎石的级配、最佳水泥掺量进行了设计,并对水泥稳定再生碎石的无侧限抗压强度指标进行了研究。研究表明,废旧混凝土经加工形成的再生集料具有良好的路用性能,其颗粒级配、压碎值以及主要指标均达到了路面基层材料的要求;掺3%、5%和7%水泥稳定再生集料7 d浸水抗压强度均达到路面基层的要求,水泥稳定再生集料用作路面基层是可行的;掺3%水泥稳定的再生集料可以用在公路的底基层,掺5%及7%水泥稳定的再生集料可以分别用作路面下基层和上基层。     

Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils

The investigation of the long-term performance of solidified/stabilized (S/S) contaminated soils was carried out in a trial site in southeast UK. The soils were exposed to the maximum natural weathering for four years and sampled at various depths in a controlled manner. The chemical properties (e. g. , degree of carbonation (DOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC)) and physical properties (e. g. , moisture content (MC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI)) of the samples untreated and treated with the traditional and accelerated carbonated S/S processes were analyzed. Their variations on the depths of the soils were also studied. The result showed that the broad geotechnical properties of the soils, manifested in their PIs, were related to the concentration of the water soluble ions and in particular the free calcium ions. The samples treated with the accelerated carbonation technology (ACT), and the untreated samples contained limited number of free calcium ions in solutions and consequently interacted with waters in a similar way. Compared with the traditional cement-based S/S technology, e. g. , treatment with ordinary portland cement (OPC) or EnvirOceM, ACT caused the increase of the PI of the treated soil and made it more stable during long-term weathering. The PI values for the four soils ascended according to the order: the EnvirOceM soil, the OPC soil, the ACT soil, and the untreated soil while their pH and EC values descended according to the same order.     

生物炭配施缓控释肥对稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流流失的影响

在太湖流域,通过田间试验研究了控释肥(CRF)、生物炭配施控释肥(BC+CRF)、生物炭配施稳定性肥(BC+SF)、生物炭配施控释肥和稳定性肥(BC+CRF+SF)4种施肥处理对稻田田面水p H、氮素动态变化、氮素径流流失的影响.结果表明,田面水平均p H介于5.64~8.15,生物炭配施控释肥和稳定性肥田面水p H降低3.16%~4.48%.田面水平均全氮(TN)质量浓度介于19.05~25.23 mg·L~(-1),生物炭配施控释肥和稳定性肥田面水TN质量浓度显著降低4.75%~6.58%.田面水无机氮素以铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为主,NH_4~+-N和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)平均质量浓度分别介于0.01~17.26 mg·L~(-1)和0.24~3.11mg·L~(-1).与单施控释肥相比,各处理田面水NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N质量浓度分别显著降低35.89%~48.78%和20.54%~37.01%.生物炭配施稳定性肥显著降低了田面水NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N质量浓度,有效减少无机氮素径流流失风险.TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N径流流失量分别介于16.24~18.09、1.76~2.22、0.76~1.38 kg·hm~(-2).与单施控释肥相比,各处理TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N径流流失均有不同程度削减.生物炭配施控释肥和稳定性肥显著削减了氮素径流流失,有效降低区域稻田氮素面源污染风险.     

将锰泥用于路基稳定土的试验研究

利用对苯二酚生产中的副产废渣-锰泥与消石灰拌和作路基稳定土，在锰泥中掺入8%-12%的消石灰时，其无侧限抗压强度可完全满足公路路基稳定土的指标要求。     

化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为...