阿哈水库流域含铁、锰面源废水河流控制系统

饮用水源地阿哈水库流域面积190km2,由于国营煤矿及乡镇个体煤窑的开发,造成含高浓度Fe,Mn酸性面源废水,分散无规律排入河流污染水库。为此,对大面积面源废水采用河流控制系统进行治理研究,并付诸工程实施,经运转表明,该河流控制系统是十分有效的。      

环境监测实验室废水污染与防治

摘要：本文针对目前我国环境监测实验室污水排污现状,主要分析了实验室的废水污染源种类以及危害,并提出了相应的防治对策。阐明分析实验室是一种不容忽视的污染源,应完善实验室管理制度,增强实验室人员的环保意识,提出实验室废水预处理和综合处理等处理方法,避免实验室废水排入地表环境中造成环境污染。     

通过频谱分析了解冷却塔噪声污染特性

目前,冷却塔噪声评价所采用的指标是A声级。而由于A声级并不能全面的反应冷却塔噪声污染的特性。本文通过对冷却塔噪声污染案例进行频谱监测,探讨了频谱分析方法对评价冷却塔噪声污染特性的可行性。     

The formation kinetics and control of biofilms by three dominant fungi species isolated from groundwater

Filamentous fungi can enter drinking water supply systems in various ways, and exist in suspended or sessile states which threatens the health of individuals by posing a high risk of invasive infections. In this study, the biofilms formation kinetics of the three genera of fungal spores, Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Penicillium polonicum (P. polonicum) and Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) isolated from the groundwater were reported, as well as the effects of water quality parameters were evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of low- concentrations of chlorine-based disinfectants (chlorine, chlorine dioxide and chloramine) on controlling the formation of fungal biofilms was assessed. The results showed that the biofilms formation of the three genera of fungi could be divided into the following four phases: induction, exponential, stationary and sloughing off. The optimum conditions for fungal biofilms formation were found to be neutral or weakly acidic at 28 °C with rich nutrition. In fact, A. niger, P. polonicum, and T. harzianum were not observed to form mature biofilms in actual groundwater within 120 hr. Carbon was found to have the maximum effect on the fungal biofilms formation in actual groundwater, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The resistance of fungal species to disinfectants during the formation of biofilms decreased in the order: A. niger > T. harzianum > P. polonicum. Chlorine dioxide was observed to control the biofilms formation with maximum efficiency, followed by chlorine and chloramine. Consequently, the results of this study will provide a beneficial understanding for the formation and control of fungal biofilms.     

Work Content and Eye Discomfort in VDT Work

A questionnaire study of Swedish public employees with frequent and different types of VDT work (n = 2,025) was conducted. Eight different kinds of eye discomfort were examined, and an additive index was constructed. Eye discomfort was statistically related to aspects of work organization. The highest levels of discomfort were reported by computer-aided design (CAD), data entry, and word processing groups; groups with mixed VDT tasks displayed the lowest level of symptoms. Time spent at a VDT, low degree of work control, time pressure, and high pace of work were all associated with relatively high levels of eye discomfort. There was significant interaction between experience of stress and time spent at a VDT with respect to both the eye discomfort index and three specific symptoms (itching, gritty feeling, and dryness). Whereas dryness, smarting, and itching of the eyes seem most strongly related to work conditions, redness and watery eyes seem most weakly related.     

石油化工废气处理技术现状及发展动向

简要介绍了石油化工废气的主要性质、国内外石油化工废气处理技术的现状、特点和发展动向，提出了国内石油化工企业废气处理的重点事项。     

An evaluation of risk assessment framework for industrial accidents in India

Due to rapid industrialization, with high population density and constraints of land, it is expected that level of risks arising from the hazardous industries will increase in India in the coming decades. However, 30 years after the Bhopal accident (1984), except a few discrete regulations, there is as yet no integrated system for assessing and managing risks arising out of these hazardous industries in India. The gravity of aspects related to the management of industrial risk still remains crucially important. In particular, there is no standard guideline on risk analysis methodology, acceptability or tolerability criteria, nor is there an accident database or a risk reduction strategy for the areas where risk levels are already high. On top of this, there are technical and legislative gaps in the institutional framework to implement any of the above mentioned issues. With the backdrop of the Bhopal gas tragedy, the objective of this paper is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk assessment framework for the emerging economy of India, in order to control and/or to reduce the risk level that exists. In this context, regulations and policies pertaining to industrial risk assessment were reviewed.     

城市水环境空间规划体系与方法研究

水环境空间规划是城市环境总体规划的一个重要组成部分,文章基于试点城市实践经验和发达国家先进经验,将水环境空间规划按照"控制单元划分-空间分级管控-质量改善策略"三步走的战略进行了梳理。基于控制单元划分结果,对水环境的重要性和敏感性进行评价,划定分级管控方案,以期保护良好的水生态状况。基于大量的控制单元数据分析,明确空间差异化的控制单元质量改善策略。     

“十三五”重金属污染综合防治思路和对策研究

分析了"十三五"重金属防控面临的新形势新要求,分析了目前重金属防控面临的主要问题,从重点区域防控分类防控、区域环境质量改善、行业深化防控、重金属环境监测点位优化调整、强化激励与约束政策等方面,提出了"十三五"重金属防控主要思路和方向,为我国重金属污染防治环境管理决策提供支持和参考。     

关于建设用地分类管理及污染场地分级管理的建议

通过分析污染场地与建设用地的关系,从土地管理的"建设用地"里界定社会和公众关心的环境问题—"污染场地"的管理范畴,提出建设用地分类管理思路。基于我国污染场地分级管理需求分析,借鉴发达国家和地区的污染场地分级管理情况,提出我国闲置污染场地分级管理制度设计设想,国家确定优先管控名录,对优先管控名录内外场地进行中央和地方的事权划分和管理层级确定。