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711.
Nitrogen Saturation of Terrestrial Ecosystems: Some Recent Findings and Their Implications for Our Conceptual Framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bridget A. Emmett 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):99-109
The consequences of nitrogen (N) enrichment for terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are of increasing concern in many areas
due to continued or increasing high emission rates of reactive N. Within terrestrial ecosystems various conceptual frameworks
and modelling approaches have been developed which have enhanced our understanding of the sequence of changes associated with
increased N availability and help us predict their future impacts. Here, some recent findings are described and their implications
for these conceptual frameworks and modelling approaches discussed. They are: (a) an early loss of plant species that are
characteristic of low N conditions as N availability increases and a loss of species with high N retention efficiencies (so
called N ‘filters’), (b) suppression of microbial immobilisation of deposited due to increased availability in the early stages of N saturation, (c) the early onset of leaching due to these changes (a and b above) in both plant and microbial functioning, (d) reduced sensitivity of vegetation
to N additions in areas with high historical N deposition, (e) delayed changes in soil C:N changes due to increased net primary
productivity and reduced decomposition of soil organic matter. Some suggestions of early indicators of N saturation are suggested
(occurrence of mosses; ratio in surface soils) which indicate either a shift in ecosystem function and/or structure. 相似文献
712.
通过25季种植的长期定位试验,研究了稻麦轮作条件下不同耕作方式和培肥制度对土壤有机质和全氮质量分数的影响。免耕土壤0~5 cm土层的有机质和全氮质量分数稍高于耕翻土壤; 5~15 cm的则有低于耕翻的趋势; 15~30 cm的无明显规律。长期休闲的土壤在整个耕层有明显的有机质和氨素累积,其中碳的累积快于氮的累积,免耕条件下比耕翻条件下累积量更大。 0~5 cm和5~15 cm土层有机肥与无机肥配施的处理,其有机质和全氮质量分数均显著高于单施化肥处理和不施肥处理,但均低于休闲处理; 15~30 cm土层各培肥处理则无明显差异;单施化肥的土壤有机质和全氮质量分数高于不施肥处理,但这种差异只在表层( 0~5 cm)较显著。 相似文献
713.
为探究螯合剂对植物吸收重金属的影响,以蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)为供试植物,通过土培和盆栽试验,研究不同含量乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)对土壤中铜镉形态和植物吸收、转运的影响.结果表明,EDDS显著增加了土壤有效态铜和镉含量,培养15 d时,增幅分别为43.01%~103.55%和51.78%~69.43%,同时促进了可还原态铜向弱酸提取态转化,增加了土壤铜的移动性.EDDS促进了蓖麻对铜的吸收、转运与富集.EDDS 2.5和EDDS 5.0处理时,地上部铜含量是对照的4.88倍和16.65倍(P< 0.05),根部是对照的2.89倍和3.60倍(P<0.05),铜转运系数显著提高了72.73%和381.82%.EDDS 5.0处理时,蓖麻地上部和根部的铜提取量分别是对照处理的14.08倍和2.16倍,总铜提取量是对照处理的4.70倍(P< 0.05).此外,EDDS显著增加了蓖麻镉含量,EDDS 2.5处理时,地上部和根部分别增加了15.15%和57.42%,蓖麻总镉提取量显著提高了13.44%.综上可知,EDDS能增加土壤铜镉的有效性,促进蓖麻对铜镉的吸收,提高蓖麻的修复效率,其中5.0 mmol·kg-1 EDDS更有利于蓖麻对铜的提取,而2.5 mmol·kg-1 EDDS处理对镉的提取有较高的增加效果. 相似文献
714.
715.
Xiao HY Wu LH Zhu RG Wang YL Liu CQ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):363-367
Nitrogen isotopic composition of new, middle-aged and old camphor leaves in upper and lower canopies has been determined in a living area, near a motorway and near an industrial area (Jiangan Chemical Fertilizer Plant). We found that at sites near roads, more positive δ15N values were observed in the camphor leaves, especially in old leaves of upper canopies, and ?δ15N = δ15Nupper − δ15Nlower > 0, while those near the industrial area had more negative δ15N values and ?δ15N < 0. These could be explained by two isotopically different atmospheric N sources: greater uptake from isotopically heavy pools of atmospheric NOx by old leaves in upper canopies at sites adjacent to roads, and greater uptake of 15N-depleted NHy in atmospheric deposition by leaves at sites near the industrial area. This study presents novel evidence that 15N natural abundance of camphor leaves can be used as a robust indicator of atmospheric N sources. 相似文献
716.
717.
以水稻为供试作物,水稻土为供试土壤,采用田间定位试验的方法,以施肥后田面水中的总氮(TN)、NH4^+-N和NO3^--N浓度为指标,进行了施氮后田面水中氮素释放规律研究。结果表明,施肥后田面水中的总氮(TN)、NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度随着施肥量的增加而增加,随着时间的推移三者的浓度呈先上升后下降的趋势,一周后趋于稳定;以氮素表观盈余率和植株吸氮量为指标,从环境安全角度研究水稻生产化学氮肥投入阈值,初步确定试验区环境安全化学氮肥投入阈值为189.22~218.98 kg·hm^-2;以水稻产量为指标,进行了粮食安全氮肥投入阈值研究,初步确定试验区水稻生产粮食安全化学氮肥投入阈值为202.24~288.89 kg·hm^-2。综合考虑粮食安全和环境安全,试验区化学氮肥投入阈值为202.24~218.98 kg·hm^-2。 相似文献
718.
Nitrogen Subsidies from Hillslope Alder Stands to Streamside Wetlands and Headwater Streams,Kenai Peninsula,Alaska 下载免费PDF全文
Michael K. Callahan Dennis F. Whigham Mark C. Rains Kai C. Rains Ryan S. King Coowe M. Walker Jasmine R. Maurer Steven J. Baird 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(2):478-492
We examined nitrogen transport and wetland primary production along hydrologic flow paths that link nitrogen‐fixing alder (Alnus spp.) stands to downslope wetlands and streams in the Kenai Lowlands, Alaska. We expected that nitrate concentrations in surface water and groundwater would be higher on flow paths below alder. We further expected that nitrate concentrations would be higher in surface water and groundwater at the base of short flow paths with alder and that streamside wetlands at the base of alder‐near flow paths would be less nitrogen limited than wetlands at the base of long flow paths with alder. Our results showed that groundwater nitrate‐N concentrations were significantly higher at alder‐near sites than at no‐alder sites, but did not differ significantly between alder‐far sites and no‐alder sites or between alder‐far sites and alder‐near sites. A survey of 15N stable isotope signatures in soils and foliage in alder‐near and no‐alder flow paths indicated the alder‐derived nitrogen evident in soils below alder is quickly integrated downslope. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the relative increase in plant biomass after nitrogen fertilization, with the greatest increase occurring in the no‐alder sites. This study demonstrates that streamside wetlands and streams are connected to the surrounding landscapes through hydrologic flow paths, and flow paths with alder stands are potential “hot spots” for nitrogen subsidies at the hillslope scale. 相似文献
719.
以稀盐酸为吸收液,用气相色谱法测定环境空气中痕量三乙胺,结果表明0.1mol/LHCL和0.2mol/LHCL是环境空气中痕量三乙胺的有效吸收液,吸收后样品稳定性良好。在优化的色谱条件下,气相色谱直接进样,FID检测器测定吸收液中的三乙胺线性好、操作简便、精密度高、检出限低,回收率符合要求。 相似文献
720.
^15N isotope fractionation in an aquatic food chain: Bellamya aeruginosa (Reeve) as an algal control agent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shiqun Han Shaohua Yan Kaining Chen Zhenhua Zhang Rengel Ze Jianqiu Zhang Wei Song Haiqin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):242-247
15N isotope tracer techniques and ecological modeling were adopted to investigate the fractionation of nitrogen,its uptake and transformation in algae and snail(Bellamya aeruginosa Reeve).Different algal species were found to differ in their uptake of nitrogen isotopes.Microcystis aeruginisa Ktz.demonstrated the greatest 15N accumulation capacity,with the natural variation in isotopic ratio(δ 15N) and the isotope fractionation factor(ε,‰) being the highest among the species investigated.The transformation and utilization of 15N by snails differed depending on the specific algae consumed(highest for Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick.,lowest for M.aeruginisa).When snails was seeded in the experimental pond,the algae population structure changed significantly,and total algal biomass as well as the concentration of all nitrogen species decreased,causing an increase in water transparency.A model,incorporating several chemical and biological parameters,was developed to predict algal biomass in an aquatic system when snails was present.The data collected during this investigation indicated that the gastropods such as snails could significantly impact biological community and water quality of small water bodies,suggesting a role for biological control of noxious algal blooms associated with eutrophication. 相似文献