Pd/Al2O3粒子电极电催化还原BrO3-的研究

针对常规方法难以去除水中Br_3~-的问题,采用浸渍煅烧法制备了负载型纳米Pd/Al_2O_3粒子电极,研究了该电极电催化还原Br O-3的效果.催化剂的结构表征表明该反应实现了Pd纳米晶的均匀负载,纳米Pd/Al_2O_3具有较高的电催化活性和较低的能耗,其最佳反应条件为3%Pd负载量,0.9 m A·cm-2电流密度和1 g·L催化剂投量,酸性条件可促进Br O-3的直接或间接还原.ESR检测证实了Pd的负载增强了反应体系活性物种[H]的生成,进而促进了Br O-3的间接电催化还原.     

N,N-双(二硫代羧基)乙二胺对微量络合镍的深度脱除特性研究

以柠檬酸镍(CA-Ni)、酒石酸镍(TA-Ni)、焦磷酸镍(SP-Ni)3种低浓度模拟络合镍废水为研究对象,选用自制的重金属捕集剂N,N-双(二硫代羧基)乙二胺(EDTC),对废水中的Ni进行深度脱除.重点研究了EDTC投加量、初始p H、反应时间对Ni去除效果的影响及螯合沉淀物的沉淀性能和溶出特性,同时分析了EDTC去除络合Ni的机理.研究结果表明,处理初始浓度5 mg·L~(-1)的CA-Ni、TA-Ni、SP-Ni,p H为4~8,EDTC最佳投加量分别为60 mg·L~(-1)、55 mg·L~(-1)和70 mg·L~(-1),PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)为1 mg·L~(-1),反应时间2 min,Ni的出水浓度均低于0.05mg·L~(-1),去除率达99%以上.螯合沉淀物沉降性能好且在弱酸弱碱条件下能稳定存在.红外光谱图和元素分析结果表明:EDTC与Ni发生螯合反应,即EDTC直接脱除络合镍中的Ni2+,并与Ni2+生成更稳定的螯合产物EDTC-Ni,进而有效地去除废水中Ni.     

Layered sphere-shaped TiO2 capped with gold nanoparticles on structural defects and their catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation

We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO₂ nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO₂ nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO₂ nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO₂ perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO₂ nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO₂ interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO₂ interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O⁻) on the TiO₂ surface and Ti^3 + ions in bulk TiO₂. These ions can then form Ti^3 +–O⁻–Ti^4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO₂ samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials.     

Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway

This paper discusses the findings of the first car MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) field campaign (300 km long) along the National Highway-05 (N5-Highway) of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to Lahore. Source identification of NO₂ revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO₂ vertical column densities (NO₂ VCDs) were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO₂ VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and car MAX-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO₂ columns with both car MAX-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car MAX-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. Maximum NO₂ VCD retrieved from car MAX-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.     

A~2/O-MBR工艺在农村生活污水处理中的示范

A2/O-MBR工艺因其稳定的出水水质和良好的脱氮除磷效果,在我国城镇早已得到规模化应用。但在农村由于受各种条件制约,使该工艺的应用受到限制。通过A2/O-MBR工艺在四川农村地区散户的小规模示范,分析了其在污染物去除、建设、运行维护等方面的特点以及需注意的问题,为该技术在农村地区的推广应用做出积极的探索。     

PTFE/TiO_2复合膜光催化降解水中罗丹明B研究

以P25 TiO_2为催化剂、聚四氟乙烯乳液(PTFE)为粘结剂,采用辊压法制备了PTFE/TiO_2复合膜催化剂,并对其进行了SEM和XRD表征。结果表明:TiO_2与PTFE乳液的质量比为4:1时其表面最为平整且分布着均匀的空隙。此外,PTFE的引入并没有改变TiO_2的晶相结构与衍射峰强度。另外,随着光照时间的延长,PTFE/TiO_2复合膜催化表面·OH自由基产生量呈线性增加,且Rh B分子在553 nm处特征吸收峰强度逐渐降低。经过150 min光照后,Rh B的光催化降解率达到87%。连续重复使用14次之后,PTFE/TiO_2复合催化膜的光催化效率仅下降2%左右,这表明其可能在废水深度处理领域得到实用化应用。     

SBBR工艺外加碳源乙酸钠脱氮效果的实验研究

试验选取乙酸钠为外加碳源,采用SBBR工艺处理低C/N比城市生活污水。当外加碳源后的C/N比值增加至7.0左右时,对原水NH_4~+-N去除率最高为89.31%,外加碳源后的C/N为7.12时,TN的去除率最好,去除率为71.27%。结果表明,外加乙酸钠碳源后的SBBR工艺对于低C/N生活污水脱氮性能良好。出水水质指标均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的"一级标准A标准",出水可作为回用水。     

食物缺乏对方斑东风螺幼螺代谢的影响

通过室内模拟测定了方斑东风螺幼螺在禁食120 d中耗氧与氨氮排泄的连续变化.结果显示,随着饥饿时间延长,幼螺耗氧率呈指数式下降;排氨率先较快下降后有一定程度回升,实验结束时分别下降为对照的37.02%,75.32%.饥饿60 d前,氧氮比(O/N)较高(35.34～46.56),60～90 d有所下降(25.92～28...     

中国火山/火山岩景观地质公园展望

本文概略介绍了中国大陆4个火山(岩)为主题的世界地质公园和16个国家地质公园,以及中国香港和中国台湾的两个地质公园。文章还介绍了这些地质公园火山岩喷发时代、火山类型、大地构造环境和火山(岩)景观特征与分类。它们的喷发时代主要为更新世-全新世、中新世、始新世和白垩纪。四个时期的火山地质公园,在不同年代火山中均具代表性与典型性,为中国火山/火山岩研究提供了真实的材料。作者还针对火山地质公园建设现状提出加强科学研究与实施解说系统工程两条建议。     

A／O法在合成氨工业终端废水处理中的应用实例

主要介绍了合成氨工业废水的排放特点,A／O法处理工艺原理,以实例说明A／O法适用于实施清洁生产的合成氨企业的终端废水的处理。