17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫幼鱼性腺发育与血清卵黄蛋白原水平的影响

17α-甲基睾酮是一种人工合成雄激素,在水产养殖以及医药行业中广泛使用,其对鱼类的内分泌干扰效应研究工作相对较少.通过甲基睾酮对稀有鲫幼鱼的42天流水暴露,观察了其性腺发育和生物标记物变化.在500ng·L-1甲基睾酮暴露组中幼鱼生长受到抑制(p≤0.05),在50ng·L-1以上暴露组中性腺指数显著增加(p≤0.05),雄性个体比率明显升高.通过组织学观察发现,50ng·L-1以上浓度甲基睾酮暴露后卵巢组织切片中出现了精子细胞,且精子细胞数量随剂量的增加而增加.通过生物标记物卵黄蛋白原测定发现,在50ng·L-1以上浓度甲基睾酮暴露后,稀有鲫幼鱼血清中的卵黄蛋白原水平显著增加(p≤0.05).综合分析,17α-甲基睾酮主要表现出雄激素效应,而其在稀有鲫体内的代谢物则能够应激卵黄蛋白原,对稀有鲫幼鱼的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)为50ng·L-1.因此,仅依靠体内卵黄蛋白原应激单项指标不能准确判定化学品是否是环境类雌激素.     

Prenatal diagnosis of chinese homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and haemoglobin H disease by analysis of α- and φζ-globin genes in chorionic villi and amniocytes

Eighty-eight high-risk pregnancies, 81 for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and 7 for haemoglobin (Hb) H disease, were collected in this study. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was done in 63 cases and amniocentesis in 25 cases to obtain fetal cells. Southern blotting and DNA hybridization with α- and φζ-globin gene probes were used to determine the α-globin gene status. In two non-informative families with non-deletional mutations, DNA analysis failed to rule out the affected condition, and fetal blood sampling (FBS) and Hb electrophoresis were used for the final diagnosis. In the 81 fetuses at risk for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1, 17 (13 by CVS and 4 by amniocentesis) were afffected, 30 were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, 19 were normal, and the remaining 15 were either normal or heterozygous. In the seven fetuses at risk for Hb H disease, one was normal, three were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, two were α-thalassaemia 2 heterozygotes, and one was affected with Hb H disease and developed hydrops fetalis. DNA analysis on fetal cells enabled us to diagnose prenatally severe α-thalassaemias, to prevent the birth of infants with Hb H disease, and to minimize maternal obstetrical complications from harbouring a fetus with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis.     

17α-Ethinylestradiol in Lakes of Hanoi and its effect on seed germination

Abstract

The lakes of Hanoi are important water resources for urban agriculture. The concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol in the water of three major lakes were found to range from 0.1 to 9.1?ng/L, peaking during the rainy season. Effects at levels from 1?ng/L to 1?µg/L on the germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata) and bok choy (Brassica rapa) were studied. Soaking the seeds in solutions containing 17α-ethinylestradiol at 10?ng/L and higher increased the germination rate of mung bean but not of bok choy. For the latter, irrigation after sowing with solutions containing 17α-ethinylestradiol at 10?ng/L and higher accelerated germination.

Abbreviations: MNRE: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; PE₆₀: Population equivalent; USGS: U.S. Geological Survey; SPE: Solid phase extraction; EDTA: Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; DOM: Dissolved organic matter; EEQ: Estradiol equivalent     

Inter-laboratory exercise on steroid estrogens in aqueous samples

An inter-laboratory comparison exercise was organized among European laboratories, under the aegis of EU COST Action 636: “Xenobiotics in Urban Water Cycle”. The objective was to evaluate the performance of testing laboratories determining “Endocrine Disrupting Compounds” (EDC) in various aqueous matrices. As the main task three steroid estrogens: 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol and estrone were determined in four spiked aqueous matrices: tap water, river water and wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Results were compared and discussed according to the analytical techniques applied, the accuracy and reproducibility of the analytical methods and the nature of the sample matrices. Overall, the results obtained in this inter-laboratory exercise reveal a high level of competence among the participating laboratories for the detection of steroid estrogens in water samples indicating that GC-MS as well as LC-MS/MS can equally be employed for the analysis of natural and synthetic hormones.     

纳米TiO 2 -碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α -萘酚和β -萘酚

摘要：制备了一种新型的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极,在pH值为5.57的NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液中,研究了α-萘酚和β-萘酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,据此建立了纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α-萘酚和β-萘酚的方法。优化了试验条件,α-萘酚和β-萘酚分别在8.3×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L和7.8×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L范围内,浓度与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,开路富集3min,检出限分别为3.5××10^-7mol／L和2.3×10^-7mol／L,模拟水样测定的回收率为97.6％—101％。     

黄河包头段环境中α-HCH的迁移与残留的动态模拟

以黄河包头段作为研究区域,α-HCH作为研究对象,利用稳态假设的逸度方法,建立符合包头段污染特征的微分方程组,利用MATLAB 6.5求出该方程的稳态解和随时间变化的微分解,模拟出环境各相中稳态时各种迁移过程的年迁移量,得出年迁移量大小顺序:水体>悬浮颗粒物>沉积物>大气;该段的α-HCH主要迁移来源为水体迁移和悬浮物迁移,迁移量分别为1.68t/a和1.34t/a;稳态时α-HCH在河流环境中的残留以沉积物为最多,其残留量达38.56kg,与实测结果数量级相吻合,且在沉积物中达到稳态的时间也是最长的,约为53年。     

气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定地表水中硫丹及其代谢物

采用气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定地表水中的硫丹及其代谢物,用正己烷提取,外标法定量。α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯在0.200μg/L～10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为0.010μg/L、0.008μg/L及0.010μg/L,空白加标平行测定的RSD为3.9%～4.8%,地表水样品加标回收率为85.5%～93.8%。     

Sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol, bisphenol A and phenanthrene to different size fractions of soil and sediment

The potential for negative effects caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) release into the environment is a prominent concern and numerous research projects have investigated possible environmental fate and toxicity. However, their sorption behavior by size fractions of soil and sediment has not been systematically represented. The sorption of bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and phenanthrene (Phen) by different size fractions of soil and sediment were investigated. Sorption isotherms of EE2, BPA, and Phen by size fractions of soil (SL) and sediment (ST) were well fitted to the Freundlich model. The positive correlation between EE2, BPA and Phen sorption capacity (log K_d) of size fractions and their organic carbon (OC) content suggests that OC of size fractions in SL and ST should regulate sorption, while the surface area (SA) of size fractions may not account for sorption of EE2, BPA and Phen. Each size fraction of ST had higher sorption capacity (K_d or K_OC) of EE2 and BPA than that of SL due to their difference in the polarity of organic matter (OM) between terrestrial and aquatic sources. Sorption capacity logK_d for size fractions of SL and ST did not follow the order: clay > silt > sand due to the difference in OM abundance and composition between the size fractions. Large particle fractions of ST contributed about 80% to the overall sorption for any EE2, BPA, and Phen. This study was significant to evaluate size fractions of soil and sediment as well as their associated OM affecting EE2 and BPA sorption processes.     

Modeling redistribution of α-HCH in Chinese soil induced by environment factors

This study explores long-term environmental fate of α-HCH in China from 1952 to 2007 using ChnGPERM (Chinese Gridded Pesticide Emission and Residue Model). The model captures well the temporal and spatial variations of α-HCH concentration in Chinese soils by comparing with a number of measured data across China in different periods. The results demonstrate α-HCH grasshopping effect in Eastern China and reveal several important features of the chemical in Northeast and Southeast China. It is found that Northeast China is a prominent sink region of α-HCH emitted from Chinese sources and α-HCH contamination in Southwest China is largely attributed to foreign sources. Southeast China is shown to be a major source contributing to α-HCH contamination in Northeast China, incurred by several environmental factors including temperature, soil organic carbon content, wind field and precipitation.