Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...     

酞菁锌改性介孔分子筛催化降解孔雀石绿

以介孔分子筛MCM-41为载体,采用浸渍法将1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八环戊氧基酞菁锌(α-CyOPcZn)负载到分子筛上得到了一种新型的催化剂CyOPcZn/MCM-41.并通过氮气吸附、红外光谱扫描及电镜扫描对催化剂的结构进行表征.考察了该催化剂的用量、H2O2浓度对孔雀石绿降解作用的影响.实验结果表明,在模拟可见光照射下,当催化剂用量0.6 g.L-1、H2O2浓度为0.1 mmol.L-1时,60 min后使0.1 mmol.L-1的孔雀石绿水溶液的脱色率达到98.6%,并呈现出一级反应的动力学特征,速率常数k为0.0891 min-1.催化剂重复使用3次后,脱色率可达96%以上.     

不对称还原α-氨基苯乙酮菌种的筛选及转化条件优化

芳香基手性胺醇是许多手性药物合成的重要手性砌块,生物催化不对称还原前手性酮是合成该类醇的重要方法之一.以α-氨基苯乙酮盐酸盐为模型底物从土壤中筛选获得两株能分别高立体选择性催化底物产生R型、S型相应醇的菌株,对映体过量值(e.e.)分别为99%和77%,编号为1403和4802,鉴定菌株所属为镰刀菌属和地霉属.对两株菌培养时期和转化条件的研究表明镰刀菌1403最适生长时间为24 h,最优菌体浓度20 g/L,最优底物浓度5 g/L;地霉4802最适生长时间24 h,最优菌体浓度80 g/L,最优底物浓度3 g/L.底物特异性研究表明,菌株1403和4802均可转化α-氯代苯乙酮、α-溴代苯乙酮、α-羟基苯乙酮和苯乙酮为相应醇,且以α-羟基苯乙酮为底物时,其产物均为S型,e.e.值达99%.     

航运公司安全管理能力聚权分级模型

为了更好对航运公司安全管理工作摸底排查,采取针对性措施监管航运公司安全营运,需要对安全管理能力进行分类分级评价。基于表征航运公司安全管理能力的分级指标体系,建立安全管理能力分级评价模型。基于熵权和变异系数法的赋权方法,利用α系数检验两种客观赋权法的信度,提出聚合权重并建立安全管理能力的物元分级模型。利用多家航运公司数据确定分级指标的权重,对典型公司分级和评分。结果表明,提出的模型能合理反映各公司的安全管理能力,并有利于主管机关进行分类管理,采取针对性措施提高监管效率改善公司安全管理能力。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics in variable population interactions with density-dependent interaction coefficients

In this article, I present a two-patch metapopulation model with locally explicit dynamics to study the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dispersal upon population interactions with variable or conditional outcomes. These are interactions that may be either detrimental or beneficial for each species depending on the balance of the density-dependent costs and benefits involved. The local dynamics respond to density-dependent α-interaction functions that may change sign, thus yielding a diversity of possible local outcomes for the association in terms of type of interaction and in the number of stable solutions. The spatiotemporal model predicts that the fragmentation of space and dispersal between patches may cause further variation in these outcomes. First, the demographic performance of a species in the association is enhanced if migrations cause a proportional increase of individuals of its own species; being so, a victim may become a mutualist or an exploiter, an excluded species may invade, and a good competitor may overcome its own carrying capacity: the ‘enhancement effect of dispersal’; a sort of rescue effect in source-sink dynamics. The underlying mechanisms involve an interplay between density-dependent effects of dispersal per se and the relative local and global average α-interaction functions, which involve costs and benefits at both the local and regional level that may either counteract or reinforce each other; thus, localities and/or populations may change dynamically their sink or source role in the spatial dynamics. A significant insight arises herewith: in the context of variable or conditional interactions the concept of the role of a species does not make strict sense; it becomes a spatiotemporal dynamic quality. Second, regardless of which species disperses, bifurcation of equilibria may occur in those patches that receive the migrating individuals, and annihilation of equilibria in those from where migration leaves; thus, the number of equilibria increases or decreases accordingly.     

聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡的热解及轻质馏分的GC-MS分析

采用高温模拟蒸馏、红外光谱和热重分析等方法对聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡进行了表征。在间歇高压反应釜中对聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡进行了热解,并通过正交实验考察了热解温度、停留时间和初始压力对液相产物收率的影响。利用GC-MS技术对液相产物轻质馏分(低于200℃)进行了分析。结果表明:聚乙烯副产物聚乙烯蜡主要由长链脂肪烃(C_(14)~C_(70))组成;热解发生的温度范围为175~490℃;热解温度和停留时间是影响液相产物收率的主要因素;液相产物轻质馏分的碳数分布在C_9~C_(20),主要为α-烯烃(占比32.79%)和正构烷烃,其中单体烃含量最高的是1-癸烯(占比8.46%),它是制备高级合成润滑油聚α-烯烃的优质原料。     

17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫幼鱼性腺发育与血清卵黄蛋白原水平的影响

17α-甲基睾酮是一种人工合成雄激素,在水产养殖以及医药行业中广泛使用,其对鱼类的内分泌干扰效应研究工作相对较少.通过甲基睾酮对稀有鲫幼鱼的42天流水暴露,观察了其性腺发育和生物标记物变化.在500ng·L-1甲基睾酮暴露组中幼鱼生长受到抑制(p≤0.05),在50ng·L-1以上暴露组中性腺指数显著增加(p≤0.05),雄性个体比率明显升高.通过组织学观察发现,50ng·L-1以上浓度甲基睾酮暴露后卵巢组织切片中出现了精子细胞,且精子细胞数量随剂量的增加而增加.通过生物标记物卵黄蛋白原测定发现,在50ng·L-1以上浓度甲基睾酮暴露后,稀有鲫幼鱼血清中的卵黄蛋白原水平显著增加(p≤0.05).综合分析,17α-甲基睾酮主要表现出雄激素效应,而其在稀有鲫体内的代谢物则能够应激卵黄蛋白原,对稀有鲫幼鱼的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)为50ng·L-1.因此,仅依靠体内卵黄蛋白原应激单项指标不能准确判定化学品是否是环境类雌激素.     

Prenatal diagnosis of chinese homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and haemoglobin H disease by analysis of α- and φζ-globin genes in chorionic villi and amniocytes

Eighty-eight high-risk pregnancies, 81 for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and 7 for haemoglobin (Hb) H disease, were collected in this study. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was done in 63 cases and amniocentesis in 25 cases to obtain fetal cells. Southern blotting and DNA hybridization with α- and φζ-globin gene probes were used to determine the α-globin gene status. In two non-informative families with non-deletional mutations, DNA analysis failed to rule out the affected condition, and fetal blood sampling (FBS) and Hb electrophoresis were used for the final diagnosis. In the 81 fetuses at risk for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1, 17 (13 by CVS and 4 by amniocentesis) were afffected, 30 were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, 19 were normal, and the remaining 15 were either normal or heterozygous. In the seven fetuses at risk for Hb H disease, one was normal, three were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, two were α-thalassaemia 2 heterozygotes, and one was affected with Hb H disease and developed hydrops fetalis. DNA analysis on fetal cells enabled us to diagnose prenatally severe α-thalassaemias, to prevent the birth of infants with Hb H disease, and to minimize maternal obstetrical complications from harbouring a fetus with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis.     

17α-Ethinylestradiol in Lakes of Hanoi and its effect on seed germination

Abstract

The lakes of Hanoi are important water resources for urban agriculture. The concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol in the water of three major lakes were found to range from 0.1 to 9.1?ng/L, peaking during the rainy season. Effects at levels from 1?ng/L to 1?µg/L on the germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata) and bok choy (Brassica rapa) were studied. Soaking the seeds in solutions containing 17α-ethinylestradiol at 10?ng/L and higher increased the germination rate of mung bean but not of bok choy. For the latter, irrigation after sowing with solutions containing 17α-ethinylestradiol at 10?ng/L and higher accelerated germination.

Abbreviations: MNRE: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; PE₆₀: Population equivalent; USGS: U.S. Geological Survey; SPE: Solid phase extraction; EDTA: Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; DOM: Dissolved organic matter; EEQ: Estradiol equivalent