Sensitized effect of β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl

Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 7.0 ng/ml-1500 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/ml. The proposed method was successfully used to determine quantitatively of carbaryl in cottonseeds.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental study on critical conditions of backdraft

Backdraft is one of the most special behaviors of enclosure fires which has strong characteristics of concealment and suddenness. Once backdraft occurs in an enclosure, the fire will quickly engulf the entire enclosure and create a huge extrusive fireball out of the openings. In such circumstance, it is very difficult for people inside to evacuate and firefighters to enter to perform rescue. That’s why backdraft usually leads to serious consequences in both industrial and civil building fires. Experimental investigations on backdraft in enclosure fires caused by solid fuels have been carried out in the study, and the backdraft phenomenon has been reproduced in the small-scale enclosure fire tests. Based on the theories of heat transfer and fire dynamics, the theoretical model of conditions that backdraft occurs in enclosure fires has been established and the critical condition expressions have been deduced. Combining the results of theoretical analyses with those of experimental studies, a new backdraft criterion expressed by β, which is the ration between the combustible gas volume fraction and the lower explosive limit of the mixture, has been put forward.     

Preparation and evaluation of Zr-β-FeOOH for efficient arsenic removal

A Zr-β-FeOOH adsorbent for both As(V) and As(III) removal was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method.Compared with β-FeOOH,the addition of Zr enhanced the adsorption capacities for As(V) and As(III),especially As(III).The maximum adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) were 120 and 60mg/g respectively at pH 7.0,much higher than for many reported adsorbents.The adsorption data accorded with Freundlich isotherms.At neutral pH,for As(V),adsorption equilibrium was approached after 3 hr,while for As(III),adsorption equilibrium was approached after 5 hr.Kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo second-order reaction model.As(V) elimination was favored at acidic pH,whereas the adsorption of As(III) by Zr-β-FeOOH was found to be effective over a wide pH range of 4-10.Competitive anions hindered the adsorption according to the sequence:phosphate > silicate > bicarbonate > sulfate > nitrate,while Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased the removal of As(III) and As(V) slightly.The high adsorption capability and good performance in other aspects make Zr-β-FeOOH a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of both As(III) and As(V) from water.     

氯消毒对产ESBLs菌β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用

以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠杆菌T413和NK5449分别作为供体菌和受体菌进行接合试验,研究氯消毒处理供体菌对β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用.结果表明,供体菌质粒上的bla_CTX-M和bla_TEM基因可接合转移至受体菌,接合转移频率为6.57×10^-2.当氯消毒接触时间为30min,有效氯浓度在0.25~1.5mg/L时,接合转移频率未出现数量级的降低,而有效氯浓度为2mg/L时,接合转移频率则骤降至2.02×10^-5.在CT值为60（mg·min）/L的各种组合中,4mg/L×15min对接合转移的抑制效果最佳.氯消毒后的供体菌数量与接合转移频率呈正相关.经高剂量氯消毒后的供体菌具有较高的再生长率,但接合转移频率却很低.高剂量氯消毒会损伤供体菌菌体结构和功能,使胞外分泌物减少,阻碍质粒传递.     

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated microbial activity in contaminated soil

The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widespread environmental problem and the remediation of PAHs from these areas has been a major concern.The effectiveness of ma...     

水环境中雌激素的酶联免疫快速生物筛选技术研究

采用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测技术,对来自长江口及污水处理厂的水样分析典型雌激素雌二醇(E2)的浓度,将检测结果与化学方法检测数据进行比较验证,以阐明ELISA应用于水环境雌激素快速筛选的可行性。结果表明:ELISA的检测限可低至0.5 ng/L,试验的变异系数<30%,具有较高的灵敏性和良好的重复性;ELISA检测长江口水样中E2浓度范围≤0.7 ng/L,污水处理厂水样为2.5～11.5 ng/L,与液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的检测数据进行比较分析,其相关系数R~2为0.9147,表明2种方法具有良好的相关性;ELISA检测所需的水样量比LC-MS/MS更少,使用96微孔板可同时对43个样品进行检测,缩短了多个样品的分析时间,具有快速简便、经济适用的特点。因此,ELISA作为1种快速、简便、灵敏的雌激素高通量筛选技术,可为环境保护部门开展水环境雌激素物质调查和水体雌激素快速诊断等工作提供技术支持。     

The amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS): A rapid and direct prenatal diagnostic technique for β-thalassaemia in Singapore

β-Thalassaemia major patients have chronic anaemia and since 3–4 per cent of Singaporeans carry the β-gene, prenatal diagnosis is essential. We evaluated the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique as a routine test for prenatal diagnosis of β-major. Six mutations along the β-gene were studied—41–42 (-TCTT), IVSII #654 (C-T), 17β (A-T), – 28 TATA (A-G), IVSI #5 (G-C), and IVSI #1 (G-T). Our results indicate that prenatal diagnosis using these mutations can be offered to 90 per cent (35/39) of our Chinese couples and 54·6 per cent (12/22) of our Malay couples at risk. Confirmation of ARMS results was carried out using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Prenatal diagnosis using ARMS was successfully carried out in nine cases which included a set of triplets and twins. The triplets were diagnosed with the β-trait carrying the 41–42 mutation. The couple with twins possessed the #654 mutation and one twin was diagnosed with the β-trait and the other with #654 homozygosity. Genomic sequencing of the undefined mutations in the Chinese couples revealed rarer mutations at − 29 and an ATG-AGG base substitution at the initiation codon for translation. In the Malay couples, genomic sequencing detected mutations at codon 15 (TGG-TAG) and codon 26 (GAG-AAG). We conclude that ARMS with its direct detection of amplified products by gel electrophoresis provides an accurate, rapid, and simpler method for our β-thalassaemia prenatal diagnosis programme in Singapore.