Biological activity of a red-tide alga-A. tamarense under co-cultured condition with bacteria

The relationship between Alexandrium tamarense （Lebour） Balech, one of red-tide alga, and two strains of marine bacteria, Bacillius megaterium（S7 ） and B. halmapulus（ S10 ） isolated from Xiamen Western Sea, was investigated by evaluating the growth state of A. tamarense and the variation of β-glucosidase activity in co-culture system. The results showed the growth and multiplication of the alga were related with the concentration, genus speciality of the bacteria, and growth stage of the alga itself. The growth of A. tamarense was obviously inhibited by S7 and S10 at high concentration. Either inhibition or promotion contributed much more clearly in earlier than in later stageof the growth of the alga. Furthermore, there was a roughly similar variation trend of the activity of extra-cellular enzyme, β- glucosidase, in the water of the separately co-cultured bacteria S7 and S10 with the alga. The β-glucosidase activity（β-GlcA） rapidly increased during the later algal growth accompanying the increase of the lysis of the alga cells. The obvious inhibition of A. tamarense by marine bacteria at high concentration and evident increase of β-GlcA in co-colture system would help us in better understanding the relationship between red-tide alga and bacteria, and also enlightened us the possible use of bacteria in the bio-control of red-tide.     

Effects of β-cyclodextrins on the enzymatical hydrolysis of chiral dichlorprop methyl ester

The effect of β-cyclodextrins(β-CDs) on the enzymatical hydrolysis of chiral dichlorprop methyl ester (DCPPM) was studied.Four kinds of β-cyclodextrins(β-cyclodextrin, Partly methylated-CD( PM-β-CD), hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) and carboxymethylcyclodextrin(CM-β-CD) ) were used. Compared with 100% DCPPM in the absence of β-cyclodextrins, the activity of lipase decreased with the increase of β-cyclodextrin and PM-β-cyclodextrin. However, CM-β-cyclodextrin stimulated the lipase activity. The inhibition effect of β-cyclodextrin and PM-β-cyclodextrin on the hydrolysis of DCPPM is affected by many factors other than degree of the methylation blocking the active site of lipase. UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy studies of the complexation of aqueous DCPPM with β-CDs provide fresh insight into the molecular structure of the complex and explain the effects of β-CDs on enzymatical hydrolysis of chiral DCPPM. Data showed that inclusion complexes had formed by complexation of the CM-β-CD with DCPPM and the solubility of DCPPM was increased in water, which leaded to the increased lipase activity.     

基于ELISA的受体竞争结合法检测环境雌激素(Competitive Estrogen Receptor Binding Based ELISA for Detection of Estrogen in Environment)

为建立环境雌激素的体外快速筛选方法,采用免疫测定介导受体竞争结合试验定量检测环境雌激素.将17β-雌二醇-BSA固定在微孔板上,环境雌激素与微孔板上的17β-雌二醇-BSA竞争性地与雌激素受体结合,与微孔板上17β-雌二醇-BSA结合的受体与雌激素受体的抗体、雌激素受体抗体的二抗形成一个三明治形式的复合物,通过显色剂显色,最后用比色法对试验结果进行定量.结果表明,环境雌激素的浓度与溶液吸光度值成负相关.定量研究可以得到环境雌激素剂量-效应关系曲线,在一定浓度范围内(10ng·L-1～100μg·L-1),溶液的吸光度值与环境雌激素的浓度直接呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9583).利用这种方法能检测到的标准品雌二醇的最低浓度为10ng·L-1.以上结果表明,本方法检测环境雌激素操作简便,具有广泛的应用前景.     

Extraction of 17p-estradiol in water using non-imprinted polymer submicron particles in membrane filters

17β-Estradiol (E2) is an endocrine disrupting chemical of harm to both animals and human beings at a low concentration level (ng/L).It cannot be completely removed by wastewater treatments,and is often detected in both environment and drinking waters.The purpose of this feasibility study,towards environmental engineering in the field of water analysis and treatment,was to remove E2 by extraction using non-imprinted polymer (NIP) submicron particles.Experimental results showed that 0.5 mg/L of E2 could be completely extracted by adding 10 mg of NIP particles directly into 10 mL of water.However,the extraction efficiency decreased to 64% for 100 mL of water.prefilling the NIP particles inside a membrane filter showed a potential for water treatment of a large volume,requiring no effort to distribute the particles uniformly in the water.High extraction efficiency (80±10)% for E2 was achieved for 100 mL of water.A total mass of 0.29 mg E2 was extracted from 1000 mL of water containing 0.8 mg/L E2 (by using only 10 mg of NIP particles).Both efficiency and mass capacity can be increased,by scaling up the amount of NIP particles,towards environmental engineering applications.     

水环境中雌激素的酶联免疫快速生物筛选技术研究

采用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测技术,对来自长江口及污水处理厂的水样分析典型雌激素雌二醇(E2)的浓度,将检测结果与化学方法检测数据进行比较验证,以阐明ELISA应用于水环境雌激素快速筛选的可行性。结果表明:ELISA的检测限可低至0.5 ng/L,试验的变异系数<30%,具有较高的灵敏性和良好的重复性;ELISA检测长江口水样中E2浓度范围≤0.7 ng/L,污水处理厂水样为2.5～11.5 ng/L,与液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的检测数据进行比较分析,其相关系数R~2为0.9147,表明2种方法具有良好的相关性;ELISA检测所需的水样量比LC-MS/MS更少,使用96微孔板可同时对43个样品进行检测,缩短了多个样品的分析时间,具有快速简便、经济适用的特点。因此,ELISA作为1种快速、简便、灵敏的雌激素高通量筛选技术,可为环境保护部门开展水环境雌激素物质调查和水体雌激素快速诊断等工作提供技术支持。     

Theoretical analysis and experimental study on critical conditions of backdraft

Backdraft is one of the most special behaviors of enclosure fires which has strong characteristics of concealment and suddenness. Once backdraft occurs in an enclosure, the fire will quickly engulf the entire enclosure and create a huge extrusive fireball out of the openings. In such circumstance, it is very difficult for people inside to evacuate and firefighters to enter to perform rescue. That’s why backdraft usually leads to serious consequences in both industrial and civil building fires. Experimental investigations on backdraft in enclosure fires caused by solid fuels have been carried out in the study, and the backdraft phenomenon has been reproduced in the small-scale enclosure fire tests. Based on the theories of heat transfer and fire dynamics, the theoretical model of conditions that backdraft occurs in enclosure fires has been established and the critical condition expressions have been deduced. Combining the results of theoretical analyses with those of experimental studies, a new backdraft criterion expressed by β, which is the ration between the combustible gas volume fraction and the lower explosive limit of the mixture, has been put forward.     

固定化菌剂对污水和牛粪中雌二醇和己烯雌酚的去除作用

针对雌二醇(E2)和己烯雌酚(DES)易在污水和牛粪富集的问题,制备了具有去除E2和DES功能的固定化菌剂,并研究了其对污水和牛粪中E2与DES的去除作用.以E2降解菌Rhodococcus sp.JX-2与DES降解菌Serratia sp.S为供试菌,主要通过正交试验确定了固定化菌剂包埋方法,比较了固定化菌剂、游离态菌剂、空白小球对E2与DES的去除效能,并分析了菌剂用量、p H、含水量、翻堆时间对菌剂去除污水和牛粪中E2和DES的影响.结果表明,菌剂制备的最佳固定化条件为菌株JX-2与菌株S菌悬液体积比为1∶1,海藻酸钠质量分数5%,菌胶比为1∶2,Ca Cl2·2H2O质量分数4%.固定化菌剂对溶液中初始浓度为2 mg·L-1E2和DES的去除率分别达99.42%和84.59%.去除污水中E2和DES的最佳固定化菌剂用量为300g·L-1,p H值为5.0~6.0,能完全去除DES,E2去除率为95.85%;去除牛粪中E2和DES的最佳固定化菌剂用量为600g·kg-1,牛粪含水量为70%,翻堆时间间隔为12 h,能完全去除E2,DES去除率为97.41%.     

催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）

采用β-环糊精作为H₂O₂氧化茜素红褪色反应的增敏剂,建立了催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的新方法。该方法最佳反应条件为：反应体系总体积25 mL,0.1 mol/L的H₂SO₄溶液加入量2.0 mL,1.0×10^-3 mol/L茜素红溶液加入量1.5 mL,30%的H₂O₂溶液加入量4.0 mL,100 g/L的β-环糊精溶液加入量3.0 mL。在最大吸收波长554 nm处测定反应前后溶液的吸光度,Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度与吸光度差值（ΔA）在4.0×10^-4~5.4×10^-2 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,线性回归方程为：ΔA=18.52ρ+ 0.018,相关系数为0.996 6,检出限为3.5×10^-4 mg/L,加标回收率为99.46%~101.3%,6次测定的相对标准偏差小于等于2.4%。该法的测定结果与GB/T 7467-1987中的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法相近。     

钛基β-PbO2阳极催化性能及氧化机理研究

采用提拉法和电沉积法制作Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／β-PbO2阳极,通过SEM扫描、XRD分析和极化曲线测定表征具有良好结构和催化性能。利用该电极氧化靛红水溶液,表征Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／β-PbO2电极氧化机理,阳极氧化以[·OH]氧化有机物,次级氧化以阳极生成的活性相对差、寿命较长的H2O2,O3氧化有机物。Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／β-PbO2阳极氧化有机物是湿式氧化费用的30％～50％,具有广泛应用前景。     

氯消毒对产ESBLs菌β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用

以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠杆菌T413和NK5449分别作为供体菌和受体菌进行接合试验,研究氯消毒处理供体菌对β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因接合转移的抑制作用.结果表明,供体菌质粒上的bla_CTX-M和bla_TEM基因可接合转移至受体菌,接合转移频率为6.57×10^-2.当氯消毒接触时间为30min,有效氯浓度在0.25~1.5mg/L时,接合转移频率未出现数量级的降低,而有效氯浓度为2mg/L时,接合转移频率则骤降至2.02×10^-5.在CT值为60（mg·min）/L的各种组合中,4mg/L×15min对接合转移的抑制效果最佳.氯消毒后的供体菌数量与接合转移频率呈正相关.经高剂量氯消毒后的供体菌具有较高的再生长率,但接合转移频率却很低.高剂量氯消毒会损伤供体菌菌体结构和功能,使胞外分泌物减少,阻碍质粒传递.