Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

深圳市天然γ辐射空气吸收剂量率调查

从2007年至2011年在深圳市进行了天然γ辐射空气吸收计量的调查.调查结果显示：全市天然辐射外照射空气吸收剂量率的变化范围为（4.87 ～17.68）×10^ 8Gy/h,平均值为10.00 ×10^ 8Gy/h,与广东省平均水平相当,稍高于全国平均值,属于正常天然本底范围;天然辐射外照射致深圳市居民人均年有效剂量当量（0.22 ～ 1.08） mSv,低于广东省与全国的平均水平;集体有效剂量当量54.32×10^2man· Sv.     

有机氯农药在农田土壤中的吸附解吸特征

选取3种不同深度的农田土壤作为吸附剂,采用批量实验方法,研究了有机氯农药p,p’-DDD和γ-HCH在等温条件下的吸附解吸行为。结果表明,p,p’-DDD和γ-HCH的吸附解吸曲线均可用Freundlich模型较好拟合,并且在表层土壤中表现为线性,而在深部土壤中表现为非线性,表明深部土壤的组成可能更加复杂和不均匀。3种土壤对p,p’-DDD的吸附容量参数Kf值与总有机碳(TOC)含量大小关系一致,而γ-HCH的吸附Kf值却与DOM含量显著正相关。p,p’-DDD和γ-HCH在所有样品中的解吸均有不同程度的滞后现象,其中p,p’-DDD的解吸主要受土壤中有机质含量的影响,TOC含量越低滞后性越不明显,而γ-HCH的解吸滞后性比较复杂。     

南京一次大雾过程边界层特征分析

雾、霾影响空气质量,特定气象条件有利于雾、霾形成。利用南京大学仙林综合观测基地的近地层湍流资料以及MICAPS气象资料,分析了2011年11月18日南京一次大雾过程的边界层特征。结果表明,大雾发生前后南京处于高空低压槽前,西南暖湿气流向南京地区输送充足的水汽,而近地面主要受到低压倒槽的控制,使得近地层相对湿度一直在90%以上。边界层上空(约300~500 m)存在很强很厚的逆温层,近地层动量通量几乎为0,感热通量也几乎为0,表明大雾期间南京地区大气一直处于稳定的边界层中,近地层湍流很微弱,有利于大雾的形成和维持。能谱分析表明,能谱高频段满足-2/3率,但中低频率部分可能由于非均匀下垫面地形的影响,分布比较杂乱。     

秦山核电基地外围环境γ辐射剂量率水平监测回顾

介绍1992年~2012年,对浙江省秦山核电基地外围环境γ辐射剂量率水平的监测结果。1992~2002年秦山核电基地周围环境2.5 km范围内高压电离室连续监测系统测得的环境γ辐射剂量率年均值范围为63~119 n Gy/h,平均值为95 n Gy/h,接近于核电厂运行前的平均本底值(93 n Gy/h)。2002~2012年周围环境5km范围内高压电离室连续监测系统测得的环境γ辐射剂量率年均值范围为90~116n Gy/h,平均值为102 n Gy/h,低于同期杭州对照点监测平均值(107 n Gy/h)。1992~2012年周围环境50 km范围内测得的陆地瞬时环境γ辐射剂量率(已扣除宇宙射线响应值)年均值测量范围为52.7~69.9 n Gy/h,平均值为62.1 n Gy/h,与运行前本底调查值和对照点监测值相比,处于同一水平。     

热处理天然褐铁矿制备γ-Fe2O3及其NH3-SCR活性探究

以天然褐铁矿为前驱体,通过热处理制备γ-Fe_2O_3作为NH3-SCR催化剂.借助XRD、XRF、XPS、NH3-TPD、FR-IR等表征方法,考察反应温度、褐铁矿中的锰氧化物以及H_2O和SO_2对催化剂选择催化还原NO活性的影响并与α-Fe_2O_3作对比.结果表明,由于γ-Fe_2O_3表面比α-Fe_2O_3具有更强的酸性,使得γ-Fe_2O_3的脱硝温度窗口(200~350℃)宽于α-Fe_2O_3(200~300℃),且在活性温度窗口下,催化剂脱硝效率达到99%以上;γ-Fe_2O_3催化剂中少量MnO_2的存在,提高了催化剂低温段(100~200℃)脱硝活性,降低了高温段(400~450℃)脱硝活性;SO_2的存在会使γ-Fe_2O_3的脱硝温度窗口向高温区偏移100℃、体积分数为5%的H_2O对脱硝反应的抑制作用很小,但当SO_2和5%H_2O同时存在,尤其是SO_2的体积分数达到0.12%时,硫酸铵盐类的迅速生成会大大降低γ-Fe_2O_3的脱硝活性;此外,γ-Fe_2O_3经过NH3-SCR反应后,其磁化率略有降低,催化剂仍然具有磁回收循环利用的潜力.     

天然磁黄铁矿吸附水中As(Ⅲ)的性能及机理

砷是地下水中最常见的污染物之一,过量摄入会严重危害人体健康.含铁矿物可以高效去除水中的As.以天然磁黄铁矿为As(Ⅲ)吸附剂,研究了吸附过程中的动力学、等温线和热力学,以及pH、无机阴离子对As(Ⅲ)吸附去除的影响.结果 表明:磁黄铁矿对As(Ⅲ)的吸附在48 h可达到平衡;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型,在As...     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

γ-Al2O3微孔膜制备及其处理电镀废水的研究

膜分离技术在电镀废水处理领域有着良好的应用前景。以异丙醇铝为主要原料,经酸解、除醇、干燥和烧结过程制备陶瓷膜。采用8 nm粒径溶胶多次真空覆涂-焙烧法,在1℃/m in的焙烧条件下制备了非对称氧化铝微孔膜。测试了陶瓷膜的纯水通量、膜截留性能、膜流动电位,结果表明:经过4次的浸涂成膜,纯水通量为3.55×103L/(MPa.h.m2),达到超滤膜的要求;通过截留率计算膜片平均孔径为28 nm;流动电位为-20 mV。将制得的陶瓷膜用于电镀废水处理,COD去除率为85%,在透过液中Cu、Cr、N i浓度分别为0.0663、0.0051和0.0763 mg/L,回用废水可满足电镀前处理的使用要求。     

河流环境持久性有机污染物归宿的动态逸度模型

运用逸度方法构建了依赖于温度的、模拟持久性有机污染物(POPs)在河流环境中长期变化的动态归宿模型,其中逸度容量、污染物的转化速率、传递系数等模型参数的计算与温度有关.为了检验模型的合理性,以辽河下游为研究区域,对水体和沉积物中的γ-HCH进行了模拟计算.结果表明:逸度容量的变化与温度负相关,速率系数则相反.在模拟温度范围内(273～298K),-γHCH在空气、水和沉积物中的逸度容量分别减少了8.4%、89.7%和89.7%,转化速率系数分别增加了0.69、22.0和4.5倍;气-水界面的挥发和水-沉积物界面的扩散速率系数分别增加了7.9和1.6倍.模型计算值与实测值吻合较好,最大偏差为5.6倍,表明该模型用于残留POPs的长期预测是可行的.