避光处理对污水紫外线消毒后大肠杆菌光复活的影响研究

以大肠杆菌为受试菌种,研究了避光处理对紫外线消毒后三级出水中细菌光复活的影响.将紫外线消毒后的水样避光放置一定时间后再置于光复活条件下,研究了大肠杆菌的复活特性.结果表明,避光放置6h以内,见光后大肠杆菌的光复活能力即刻恢复,并最终达到与非避光处理基本相同的最大复活值;5 mJ/cm2和20mJ/cm2紫外线剂量照射后,最大复活百分比分别为31.1%和0.45%,复活速率分别为1.67×104CFU·(mL·h)-1和125 CFU·(mL·h)-1.延长避光时间至24 h,5 mJ/cm2和20mJ/cm2紫外线剂量照射后的大肠杆菌见光后,最大复活百分比分别减小到10.0%和0.3%,复活速率分别减小到830CFU·(mL·h)-1和20CFU·(mL·h)-1.以上结果表明,延迟消毒后出水见光时间,只能在一定程度上推迟或削弱大肠杆菌的光复活,并不能有效保证复活受到抑制,即紫外线消毒后出水中的微生物仍然存在高的复活风险.     

高固体污泥微波热水解特性变化

考察浓度7%、9%和13%的高固体污泥微波热水解特性,通过生化产甲烷潜能(BMP)实验,分析热处理污泥厌氧消化性能的变化.结果表明,微波加热升温速度快,污泥中悬浮性挥发固体(VSS)和悬浮固体(SS)溶解,液相COD、TOC、氨氮、TN和TP浓度增大, pH值降低.水解效率受污泥浓度影响显著,浓度13%的污泥VSS和SS溶解率低于7%和9%的污泥.170℃热水解5min,9%污泥的VSS和SS溶解率分别为23%和18%, SCOD浓度为41g/L, TOC和氨氮浓度达到30g/L和1g/L.热水解污泥厌氧消化性能提高,9%污泥的产气量在170℃、5min和10min比未处理污泥增加27%和30.8%.热水解时间对提高消化性能影响不大,热水解由5 min到10min,120℃、150℃和170℃的产气量分别增加4%、3.6%和5.7%.     

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.     

利用辐照预处理麦秆作为反硝化固体碳源的研究

采用经辐照预处理的秸秆作为反硝化微生物的固体碳源和生物膜载体反硝化脱氮,以考察辐照预处理是否可以提高麦秆作为固体碳源反硝化的性能.静态试验结果表明,辐照预处理可以使麦秆作为固体碳源反硝化的反硝化速率提高20%,在硝酸氮初始浓度65.3 mg/L时,辐照剂量300 kGy的麦秆的反硝化速率可以达到0.087　mg/(g·h),硝酸氮去除率在90%以上.部分试验结果通过麦秆的表面结构红外分析和扫描电镜观察得到了证实.     

Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

Fe-Ni-Si三元合金辐照诱发的Ni-Si团簇形核及生长演变机制

目的 探索辐照条件下Ni与Si元素的相互作用对RPV合金中团簇形成演变的影响.方法 对PRV合金的三元模型合金Fe-Ni-Si做离子辐照实验,并采用原子探针技术对团簇进行分析,采用纳米压痕技术进行硬度分析.结果 纳米压痕的结果表明,材料的硬度随辐照剂量的升高而增大.原子探针结果表明,辐照后材料中产生了Ni-Si溶质团簇...     

两种启动子对聚γ-谷氨酸降解酶基因在地衣芽胞杆菌中的加强表达效果

聚γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种应用前景良好的生物高分子材料.比较了蔗糖诱导的枯草芽胞杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因(SacB)启动子和地衣芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶基因启动子对γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD在地衣芽胞杆菌中加强表达的影响.分别用SacB基因启动子和α-淀粉酶启动子构建了穿梭表达载体pHY300-SYT和pHY300-PYT,通过电转化地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02获得重组子SYT和PYT.酶活测定结果显示SYT和PYT中γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD得到加强表达,摇瓶发酵结果显示两个重组菌株的γ-PGA相对分子质量都由1 000 000~1 200 000降低为800 000~900 000,PYT的γ-PGA产量较对照菌株PLK提高了33%,由13.50 g L-1提高到17.97 g L-1,而SYT的γ-PGA产量则降低为10.85 g L-1.因此,α-淀粉酶启动子更适合于在地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02菌株中表达γ-PGA降解酶基因,从而获得高产低分子量γ-PGA的工程菌.     

四种拟除虫菊酯类农药的环境雌激素活性研究

将金鱼(Carassius auratus)分别暴露于0.1mg/L甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和0.5mg/L氯氰菊酯21d后,尾静脉取血,离心分离获得血浆,利用Western-blot方法检测金鱼血浆中是否有卵黄原蛋白产生,同时测定金鱼生殖腺指数、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.结果表明,对照组雄性金鱼血浆中未检测到卵黄原蛋白,4种拟除虫菊酯农药均能诱导雄性金鱼分泌卵黄原蛋白,而且溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯明显降低了雄鱼生殖腺指数,4种农药均能够明显抑制精巢γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.由此可见,4种拟除虫菊酯类农药具有潜在的环境雌激素活性和生殖毒性.     

Statistical modeling of radiolytic (60Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin,antibiotic: Synergetic effect,kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied. Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process. The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established. The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1). The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.