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81.
采用O3催化氧化法深度处理兰炭废水,提出了兰炭废水达标排放的新处理方法。以铜为活性组分,氧化铝为载体采用浸渍法制备CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并采用XRD对其进行表征,利用催化剂结合O3催化氧化法去除兰炭废水中经生化处理后残留的污染物。设计了催化氧化试验装置,考察了催化剂投加量、反应时间、O3用量以及pH等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,pH在酸性条件下有利于COD去除率的提高,O3用量提高有助于COD去除率的提高,将催化剂用量和反应时间控制在一定范围内有利于污染物的去除;最佳条件下催化剂投加量300 g,反应时间1 h,O3用量0.08 m3/h,pH为7左右时COD去除率可达到95%左右。另外,催化剂在20次反应过程中表现出较高的催化活性及较强的稳定性。  相似文献   
82.
施周  张茜  张伟  徐舜开  张骅 《环境科学》2012,33(11):3840-3846
在微波辐照干化的条件下用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂.对该复合材料的表征表明:随着微波功率逐渐增大至400 W,MWNTs/TiO2复合材料管径逐渐变小,且在400 W时制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合材料分散性较好.进一步增大微波功率导致复合材料的管径增大,分散性降低.研究了不同微波辐照条件下制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光催化降解效果,结果表明,该复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光降解遵循一级反应动力学;在微波功率为400 W、辐照时间为5 min情况下制备的复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的降解速率最快,其反应常数为0.023 7 min^-1,该值比非微波加热干化的同样复合材料的反应速率常数值提高了52%.  相似文献   
83.
以γ-Al_2O_3作为载体,采用浸渍热分解法制备了Sn、Mn、Cu、Pb单组分氧化物和Sn-Ce-Sb复合氧化物粒子电极。通过对酸性橙II(AOII)的降解实验,以及采用重复试验和扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外光谱扫描等方法,探讨了粒子电极材料的性能。研究结果表明:Sn/γ-Al_2O_3相比于Mn/γ-Al_2O_3、Cu/γ-Al_2O_3、Pb/γ-Al_2O_3等单组分氧化物粒子电极表现出了更好的电催化活性和稳定性。掺杂Ce、Sb后电极表面晶体粒径细小且分布均匀,有利于提高Sn/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极的性能。电流密度为20 m A/cm2,曝气量0.5 L/min反应条件下,反应3 h后Sn-Ce-Sb/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极对AOII的去除率为100%,TOC的去除率达84.2%,重复使用5次后TOC去除率仍保持在80%以上。表明Sn-Ce-Sb/γ-Al_2O_3粒子电极具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   
84.
目的通过分析东南沿海地区车辆服役环境特点,提取了光照、温度、水、化学介质四种影响因素,分析四种影响因素的影响机理、影响方式、影响效果。方法对《GJB 150A—2009军用装备实验室环境试验方法》的基本运用方法及裁剪技术进行初步探讨,依据该标准制定东南沿海地区服役车辆涂层实验室试验的流程方法,并进行试验验证。结果实验室加速腐蚀试验结果与现役涂层腐蚀情况具有较好的相关性。结论为东南沿海地区涂层环境试验的设计、实施及测评,对涂层寿命预测、有效性检验和维修保养方案制定提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   
85.
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is known as one of the most powerful greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Reductive photodegradation of SF6 by styrene has been studied with the purpose of developing a novel remediation for sulfur hexafluoride pollution. Effects of reaction conditions on the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of SF6 are examined in this study. Both initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio and initial oxygen concentration exert a significant influence on DRE. SF6 removal efficiency reaches a maximum value at the initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio of 0.2. It is found that DRE increases with oxygen concentration over the range of 0 to 0.09 mol/m^3 and then decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. When water vapor is fed into the gas mixture, DRE is slightly enhanced over the whole studied time scale. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, prove that nearly all the initial fluorine residing in the gas phase is in the form of SiF4, whereas, the initial sulfur is deposited in the form of elemental sulfur, after photodegradation. Free from toxic byproducts, photodegradation in the presence of styrene may serve as a promising technique for SF6 abatement.  相似文献   
86.
李丽霞  董开升  唐学玺 《环境科学》2008,29(10):2766-2772
选择2种代表性的潮间带大型海藻孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina),采用单独培养和共同培养的方法,以生物量为主要测定指标,研究了二者种间竞争关系及这种关系在UV-B辐射增强时的响应趋势.结果表明,孔石莼和蜈蚣藻二者的种间竞争同时包含营养竞争和相生相克2种机制,试验中营养充足及营养限制的共养处理下孔石莼特定生长率是蜈蚣藻相应值的2.54和2.47倍,蜈蚣藻在竞争关系中处于劣势;UV-B辐射对单独培养的孔石莼和蜈蚣藻的生长均有抑制作用,且随着UV-B胁迫时间延长及辐射剂量的增加,抑制作用愈加显著;共同培养条件下,低剂量[1.6kJ·(m2·d)-1]、中剂量[4.8kJ·(m2·d)-1]的UV-B辐射时孔石莼虽占据竞争优势,但其种群竞争能力有弱化趋势,孔石莼和蜈蚣藻的生物量比共养对照分别下降6.81%、3.88%和10.47%、6.98%,二者的种间竞争趋向均衡;12d时高剂量[9.6 kJ·(m2·d)-1]UV-B辐射使孔石莼的生物量下降13.09%,而蜈蚣藻生物量降低更多达14.72%,从而导致孔石莼在高剂量辐射处理中的优势地位更趋于明显,因此UV.B辐射增强可改变共培养体系中孔石莼和蜈蚣藻种间竞争的关系,且对应于不同uV-B辐射剂量其表现不同;长期UV-B辐射可能会影响孔石莼和蜈蚣藻产生克生物质的代谢过程.  相似文献   
87.
This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.  相似文献   
88.
In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.  相似文献   
89.
This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...  相似文献   
90.
聚γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种应用前景良好的生物高分子材料.比较了蔗糖诱导的枯草芽胞杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因(SacB)启动子和地衣芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶基因启动子对γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD在地衣芽胞杆菌中加强表达的影响.分别用SacB基因启动子和α-淀粉酶启动子构建了穿梭表达载体pHY300-SYT和pHY300-PYT,通过电转化地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02获得重组子SYT和PYT.酶活测定结果显示SYT和PYT中γ-PGA降解酶基因ywtD得到加强表达,摇瓶发酵结果显示两个重组菌株的γ-PGA相对分子质量都由1 000 000~1 200 000降低为800 000~900 000,PYT的γ-PGA产量较对照菌株PLK提高了33%,由13.50 g L-1提高到17.97 g L-1,而SYT的γ-PGA产量则降低为10.85 g L-1.因此,α-淀粉酶启动子更适合于在地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02菌株中表达γ-PGA降解酶基因,从而获得高产低分子量γ-PGA的工程菌.  相似文献   
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