Statistical modeling of radiolytic (60Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin,antibiotic: Synergetic effect,kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied. Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process. The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established. The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1). The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.     

γ-射线辐照对太湖原水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制

采用60Co衰变产生的γ-射线辐照太湖原水,研究其对水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制,分析不同吸收剂量和添加物(甲醇、碳酸钠)对抑制效果的影响.结果表明,γ-射线辐照能有效抑制太湖水中越冬蓝藻的复苏,吸收剂量越大,抑制蓝藻复苏的效果越好.吸收剂量为5kGy的水样,培养40d,水中叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)和藻蓝素(PC)含量分别为对照样的8.66%、16.8%和17.2%,抑制了越冬蓝藻的复苏.0.5%甲醇和0.22mmol/LNa2CO3添加物抑制了辐照过程,与不含添加物水样相比,相同吸收剂量下,相同培养时间内,含添加物水样中Chl-a、Chl-b和PC浓度较高.     

有机物对紫外光照下亚硝氮生成的影响

通过静态间歇试验,对紫外光照下水中无机氮的转化进行了研究,重点考察了有机物在反应过程中对亚硝氮生成的促进作用,分类比较了不同有机物的作用效果.结果表明:在紫外光照下,氨氮不能转化为亚硝氮,硝氮可以转化为亚硝氮;有机物的投加可以促进亚硝氮的生成;不同有机物对亚硝氮形成的促进作用大小与有机物的还原性有关,还原性愈强,促进作用愈大;有机物促进作用大小的顺序如下:相同碳链醇>醛>酸>酮、官能团愈多促进作用愈大,相同官能团碳链愈长促进作用愈大.     

光照法处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

采用直接光照处理青山垃圾填埋场和流芳垃圾填埋场的渗滤液,结果表明,直接光照处理4h,COD去除率分别为31%和18%,其主要原因在于青山垃圾填埋场中含有较多Fe和Cu等光催化物质及自身的光降解.直接光照对NH3-N和总-N的处理效果不佳.     

低强度超声波强化污水生物处理中超声辐照周期的优化选择

为了对低强度超声波强化污水生物处理的重要工艺参数———超声辐照周期进行优化,采用城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为试验材料,以好氧呼吸速率(Oxygen Uptake Rate,OUR)和TTC-脱氢酶活性(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazoliumchloride-dehydrogenase activity,TTC-DHA)为指标,研究了频率35kHz、强度0.3W/cm²的超声波辐照10min后0～48h污泥活性的变化规律,发现超声辐照处理后8h污泥活性达到最大值,24h后超声波的强化作用基本消失.随后分别以8h和24h为超声辐照周期,进行了反复超声辐照处理试验.结果表明,当采用超声辐照周期为8h时,第2次超声辐照后污泥的活性就开始明显下降,3次辐照后污泥的活性下降到对照的一半;当采用超声辐照周期24h时,每次超声辐照后污泥活性依然有所升高,但是随着超声辐照次数增加,其升高的幅度逐渐降低.考虑到设备投资及处理效果稳定性,应采用8h的超声处理周期,每次只处理反应器内一定比例的污泥以避免反复超声引起的污泥活性下降.根据上述现象分析了低强度超声波改善污泥活性的机理.     

黄原胶辐射接枝共聚物对Cd^2＋的吸附研究

利用^60Co-γ为辐射源,在氮气保护下对黄原胶（XG）和丙烯酰胺（AM）进行共辐射,制备黄原胶/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物（XG-g-AM）。研究了XG-g-AM对Cd^2＋的吸附行为,利用红外光谱（IR）、热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对接枝共聚物及吸附产物进行表征。结果表明：XG-g-AM对Cd^2＋离子吸附等温线符合Freund lich等温方程,吸附Cd^2＋使XG-g-AM结晶结构被进一步破坏,结晶度下降。25℃下,Cd^2＋浓度20 mmol/L时,吸附时间100 m in,平衡吸附量为0.835mmol/g。     

微波辐射对污泥性质及脱水性能的影响

将微波辐射用于污泥预处理,考察了500、750和900 W的微波作用下,污泥性质(温度,污泥粒径,胞外聚合物和水解程度)和脱水性能(毛细吸水时间和污泥比阻)的变化情况,并探讨了相关的机理。结果表明,适宜的微波条件能够增加污泥粒径,提高污泥的脱水性能。900 W微波辐射60 s后,污泥粒径增加了71.40%,污泥毛细吸水时间和污泥比阻分别减少了42.70%和73.11%。若进一步增加微波接触时间,不仅使能耗增加,同时也会恶化污泥的脱水性能。     

Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solution by Bi(4)Nb(x)Ta((1-x))O(8)I

In this work, Bi₄Nb_xTa_(1−x)O₈I photocatalysts have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions under visible light, UV light and solar irradiation. The effects of catalyst dosage, initial pH and MO concentration on the removal efficiency were studied, and the photocatalytic reaction kinetics of MO degradation as well. The results indicated that Bi₄Nb_xTa_(1−x)O₈I exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the removal of MO in aqueous solutions. For example, the removal efficiency of MO by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I was as high as 92% within 12 h visible light irradiation under the optimal conditions: initial MO concentration of 5-10 mg L⁻¹, catalyst dosage of 6 g L⁻¹ and natural pH (6-8), the MO molecules could be completely degradated by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I within 40 min under UV light irradiation, and the photodegradation efficiency reaches to 60% after 7 h solar irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) was also investigated under visible light irradiation. It is found that 99% BPA could be mineralized by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I after 16 h visible light irradiation. Through HPLC/MS, BOD, TOC, UV-Vis measurements, we determined possible degradation products of MO and BPA. The results indicated that MO was degradated into products which are easier to be biodegradable and innocuous treated, and BPA could be mineralized completely. Furthermore, the possibility for the photosensitization effect in the degradation process of MO under visible light irradiation has been excluded.     

超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。     

微波辐照技术修复氯丹污染土壤

采用微波辐照技术修复氯丹污染土壤。以α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的去除率为评价指标,采用正交实验设计确定土壤中氯丹去除的最佳微波辐照条件。实验结果表明,当微波辐照强度为5.83W/g、微波辐照时间为20min、土壤含水率为15%时,土壤中氯丹的去除效果最好,去除率达到85%以上。微波辐照技术简单高效,易于控制,且无二次污染,具有可行性,可作为修复氯丹污染土壤的新方法。