基于煤氧复合过程分析的自然发火期预测技术研究

国内外对煤炭自然发火期的几种定义和计算方法,重点介绍基于煤氧复合过程分析的自然发火期的定义,根据自然发火模型,提出了煤层自然发火期预测方法.该技术在兖州矿区东滩煤矿4308沿空轨顺等得到验证.得出的结论给煤自然发火期的定义、计算及煤自然发火的预测、防治提供了一个新思路.     

Adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in paddy soils cultivated for various years in the subtropical China

The adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) on upland red soil,and paddy soils which were originated from the upland soil and cultivated for 8,15,35 and 85 years,were investigated using the batch method.The study showed that the organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils are important factors controlling the adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The 15-Year paddy soil had the highest adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ),followed by the 35-Year paddy soil.Both the 35-Year paddy soil and 15-Year paddy soil adsorbed more Cu(Ⅱ) than the upland soil and other paddy soils.The 15-Year paddy soils exhibited the highest desorption percentage for both Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).These results are consistent with the trend for the CEC of the soils tested.The high soil CEC contributes not only to the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) but also to the electrostatic adsorption of the two heavy metals by the soils.Lower desorption percentages for Cu(Ⅱ) (36.7% to 42.2%) and Pb(Ⅱ) (50.4% to 57.9%) were observed for the 85-Year paddy soil.The highest content of organic matter in the soil was responsible for the low desorption percentages for the two metals because the formation of the complexes between the organic matter and the metals could increase the stability of the heavy metals in the soils.     

2008年浒苔消亡末期35°N断面颗粒有机物垂直分布情况

以2008年夏季对35°N断面的调查资料为依据,分析了在浒苔消亡末期该断面颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒有机氮(PON)的分布特征和变化趋势,并结合2006年同期该断面的调查数据分析了浒苔爆发对该断面颗粒有机物含量和分布的影响。结果表明:在浒苔消亡末期,该断面的POC和PON的分布趋势基本一致,都呈现出近岸高、远岸低,表层高、底层低的分布特征,在垂直分布上与2006年同期的分布趋势恰好相反,这可能是受浒苔消亡产生的大量生物碎屑影响,相比之下底部由于黄海冷水团的垂直环流导致的沉积物再悬浮的作用不是很显著。颗粒物中的C/N出现了罕见的高值,可能是由于碎屑中的含N基团比C骨架降解容易得多所致。     

利用气相平衡管原理控制有机污染物的无组织排放

挥发性有机物的无组织排放是一个难以控制的污染源,在常温常压下的一些有机物储罐可采用气相平衡原理设置气相平衡管,使呼吸尾气形成闭路循环,利用罐体进、出料过程中内压变化特点,使得逸出的气相有机物在闭路中循环,实例证明,该方法对控制有机物元组织排放有着很好的效果,且该方法;简单易行,适合条件适宜的单位使用。     

总氮测定的注意事项

用碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法测定总氮时,空白值的控制是保证试验数据的准确的关键.本文就降低空白值对实验过程中的各个影响因素进行详细分析,提出了改进的方法.     

柠檬酸-Fe（Ⅱ）／K2S2O8降解泥水体系中敌草隆的研究

研究了泥水体系中柠檬酸-Fe（Ⅱ）／K2SO8降解敌草隆时各影响因子的作用机制,通过正交实验确定了反应的最佳操作条件为：K2SO8浓度为2．0mmol／L,Fe（Ⅱ）浓度为1．0mmol／L,柠檬酸浓度为0．5mmol／L,反应时间为120min,pH=7．0。此奈件下,0．1mmol／L敌草隆降解率可达97．6％。采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基。     

表面活性剂对污染土壤中重金属Cu(Ⅱ)的洗脱试验研究

采用批平衡法比较研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX100)及其混合物(SDBS-TX100)对土壤中铜的洗脱作用.重点研究了表面活性剂浓度、清洗时间、溶液pH值、土水比、无机盐等因素对洗脱作用的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂对Cu(Ⅱ)污染土壤的洗脱作用存在较大差异.当表面活性剂初始浓度相同时,单一SDBS较不同质量配比的混合SDBS-TX100和单一TX100洗脱效果好;6 000 mg.L-1SDBS对Cu(Ⅱ)的洗脱效率达到46.3%,分别是同浓度SDBS-TX100(3∶1)、SDBS-TX100(1∶1)、SDBS-TX100(1∶3)和单一TX100洗脱效率的5.8、10.8、10.8和19.3倍;1∶10土水比条件下,清洗时间为24 h时,各表面活性剂体系都达到最好清洗效果;溶液pH值对表面活性剂洗脱Cu(Ⅱ)有显著影响,随着溶液pH值升高,表面活性剂的洗脱能力逐渐下降,强酸性条件下(pH=1.50),洗脱率最高可达95%;土水比越小表面活性剂对土壤中Cu(Ⅱ)的洗脱效果越好;无机盐对表面活性剂的洗脱能力影响不大,但是过量Mg2+(浓度>500...     

一株草甘膦降解菌分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从长期受草甘膦污染的土壤中筛选出10株草甘膦降解菌,其中A5菌株对草甘膦的降解率最高,经鉴定该菌株属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)。对A5菌株进行降解特性研究,结表明,该菌株降解草甘膦最适条件为:草甘膦600mg/L,葡萄糖10g/L,NaCl0.5g/L,pH6.5,32℃。在最适降解条件下,该菌株在72h时对草甘膦的降解率达94.2%。     

焦亚硫酸钠对大鼠背根节神经元L-型钙电流的影响

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)及其衍生物对背根节神经元的生理调节作用,应用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究了SO2衍生物焦亚硫酸钠(sodiummetabisulfite,SMB)对大鼠背根节神经元L-型钙电流(ICa,L)的影响.结果表明,SMB可增大ICa,L,且具有剂量依赖性和电压依赖性的特征.SMB可使ICa,L的激活和失活过程均向去极化方向移动,但对失活的影响要大于对激活的影响,从而可导致背根节神经元钙离子内流增大,引起细胞内钙离子浓度增加.这说明SO2及其衍生物对背根节神经元的生理功能有调节作用,当其浓度过高时也可能引起该神经元的病理生理改变.     

Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.