芦苇和香蒲对重金属钼的吸收特性研究

研究了水生植物芦苇和香蒲对重金属钼的吸收特性.通过短期室内水培实验,对比考察了2种植物对重金属钼的耐毒性、动态去除率、吸收过程及富集情况,并对在不同浓度营养液中植物对重金属钼吸收的影响进行了分析.结果表明,2种植物钼中毒导致其茎叶发黄、蒸腾能力下降,在钼浓度为2～20 mg.L-1时,香蒲对重金属钼的耐毒性较芦苇强.香蒲对重金属钼的去除率高于芦苇,在钼浓度为2 mg.L-1时,香蒲和芦苇去除率分别为87%和62%.2种植物对重金属钼的吸收是一个动态平衡过程,且以被动吸收为主.香蒲对钼的富集量较芦苇高,且植物地上部重金属积累量大于根部,符合超积累植物特征之一.营养液浓度的增加不会提高植物对重金属钼的吸收量,反而会因离子竞争等因素使去除率有所下降.芦苇和香蒲对溶液中钼的吸收均具有显著效果,香蒲吸收效果较芦苇好.     

Plant coexistence can enhance phytoextraction of cadmium by tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） in contaminated soil

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether plant coexistence affects cadmium (Cd) uptake by plant in contaminated soil.Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.var.K326) and Japanese clover (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.) were used.Cadmium was applied as 3CdSO 4 ·8H 2 O in solution at three levels (0,1,and 3 mg/kg soil) to simulate an unpolluted soil and soils that were slightly and moderately polluted with Cd.Tobacco (crop),Japanese clover (non-crop),and their combination were grown under each C...     

Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu) and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham, Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and 40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32), Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China.     

土壤铜镉的植物可利用性评估模型

文章选择12种土类共57个不同土体为研究对象,分析了土壤的基本理化性质(pH、有机质、速效磷、阳离子代换量和粘粒含量)和土壤中铜、镉全量.利用SPSS13.0统计软件预测了土壤铜、镉的植物可利用性与土壤理化性质的相关模型,发现土壤中镉的植物可利用态含量与土壤中全镉、有机质、速效磷和阳离子代换量呈正相关,与土壤pH呈负相...     

几种植物对水产养殖废水的修复效果

文章研究了凤眼莲、轮叶黑藻、香根草和水蕹菜四种水生植物在亚热带气候条件下净化水产养殖废水的效果,跟踪比较了一个月之内它们处理污水时,水体氮、磷、化学需氧量、pH值和溶解氧的变化,并对实验前后植物鲜重做了比较。结果表明:(1)4种植物均能强化水产养殖废水污染物的去除,但各有特点;(2)理论上凤眼莲和轮叶黑藻可在处理废水时相互搭配弥补不足,维持水体中性和较高的DO;(3)植物对废水经过2~3周的处理后,水质明显变好,而植物生长开始减退,应及时收割补种;(4)夏季用水生蕹菜处理废水,不仅改善了水质还能收菜创经济效益。研究结果为探索广东地区在构建人工湿地处理水产养殖废水时植物的选择提供了新的科学依据。     

典型场地铬(Ⅵ)迁移路径分析及耐铬植物初步筛选

通过对典型铬渣堆存场地铬(Ⅵ)迁移路径分析,说明对含铬(Ⅵ)废物/土壤的处置/修复,阻止铬(Ⅵ)进一步扩散迁移已成为保护地下水资源的当务之急.在实验中初步筛选出高羊茅、芦苇、马特、蓖麻4种耐铬植物,其生长发育受铬(Ⅵ)影响较小,且与微生物协同作用还可有效还原土壤中铬(Ⅵ),为控制铬(Ⅵ)污染场地土壤、地下水污染与大气扬...     

油类突发环境事件引起的思考

油类污染事故频有发生,造成的经济损失、生态环境的破坏、人体健康的危害不可低估。我国在2005～2009年5年中公开报导的油类突发污染事件共有95起,涉及到84个县市,其中77起是人为因素引起的,18起是企业违法造成的,污染到水系的有72起。文章就此阐述了油类突发污染事件对水环境、人类和植物造成的风险与危害,提出了相关的建议。只有政府、企业与公众3方负责,才能有效防范和化解突发事件对环境造成的破坏。     

苗期小麦和水稻对硒酸盐/亚硒酸盐的吸收及转运机制

采用营养液培养方法研究了苗期小麦和水稻对硒酸盐(Na2SeO4)和亚硒酸盐(Na2SeO3)的吸收及转运机制.营养液中供给Na2SeO4时,正常培养的水稻地上部和根中硒的含量分别30.3 mg·kg-1和39.0 mg·kg-1,水稻吸收的硒有80%从根转移到了地上部;小麦地上部和根中硒的含量分别为1.76 mg·kg...     

云南镇雄县珙桐新分布区及保护对策

报道了云南镇雄国家I级保护植物珙桐新分布区的面积、数量及生态环境,提出了相应的保护措施。     

包头市昆都仑区卜尔汉图镇打拉亥上下村环境综合整治方案

受包钢尾矿坝渗漏水影响,紧临尾矿坝的包头市昆区昆河镇上、下打拉亥村地下水及土壤受到不同程度污染并有逐年加重趋势。通过采取地下水水源地保护工程、污染土壤修复示范工程、污染土壤植物治理工程达到村庄集中式饮用水水源符合国家标准、土壤修复示范区面积100亩、污染土壤植物治理面积10亩。