3条风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物能力

在3条风沙进京路径上选取10个城市(北线:二连浩特—苏尼特右旗—张家口—北京;中线:额济纳旗—呼和浩特—北京;西线:哈密—张掖—银川—太原—北京)的植物为研究对象,应用气溶胶再发生器对植物叶片颗粒物吸附量进行了定量测定,同时应用环境扫描电镜观察了不同城市树木叶表面微形态特征结构,阐释了不同城市树木叶表面结构与吸滞颗粒物的关系。结果表明:3条线路的PM_(10)吸附量表现为中线(1.57±0.24)μg/cm~2西线(1.51±0.18)μg/cm~2北线(1.50±0.76)μg/cm~2,PM_(2.5)吸附量表现为西线(0.15±0.06)μg/cm~2北线(0.12±0.03)μg/cm~2中线(0.11±0.04)μg/cm~2;不同风沙进京路径植物吸附颗粒物在3-4月和11月是植物吸附颗粒物较高的月份,7月和9月是植物吸附颗粒物较低的月份,植物吸附PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)量均不在风沙源头和终点城市最大,而是在风沙传输路径的中间城市最大;3条风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)约为1.53μg/cm~2,吸附PM_(2.5)约为0.13μg/cm~2;在叶面粗糙、凹凸不平的时期,颗粒物的吸附量均较大,叶片光滑、粗糙度较低的月份,植物颗粒物吸附量均较低。可见,风沙进京路径植物吸附PM_(10)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原以西的沙漠区域,吸附PM_(2.5)主要来源于新疆和蒙古高原北部,在风沙运移过程中植物吸附颗粒物主要以PM_(10)为主,处于风沙频繁、污染严重、沙尘较大的时间和地区在叶面形态上更有利于吸附颗粒物。研究结果可为政府部门决策和造林治沙工程的实施提供依据。     

A2/O工艺中溶解性有机氮的分子转化与生物有效性特征

本研究探究了厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A²/O)工艺沿程溶解性有机氮(DON)浓度分布及其分子转化规律,并运用多种方法表征了各单元污水DON的生物有效性特征.结果表明,DON浓度由进水(5.3±0.3)mg/L沿厌氧池、缺氧池分别下降至(2.0±0.1),(1.8±0.2)mg/L,而有意思的是好氧池中DON浓度反而升高至(1.9±0.1)mg/L,去除率竟为(-5.6±0.6)%.傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)分析DON分子组成特征显示,各单元活性DON分子(H/C≥1.5)占比为:厌氧池(38%)<缺氧池(41%)<好氧池(42%),表明好氧池出水DON最不稳定,易被受纳水体中藻类微生物摄取利用.同时在各单元产生的DON分子中,以蛋白/氨基糖类化合物为特征的微生物源DON占比沿程上升,由厌氧池24.77%分别上升至缺氧池29.12%、好氧池33.11%,表明微生物源DON分子是导致好氧池出水DON生物有效性升高的原因.进一步地,采用藻类生物测定厌氧池、缺氧池和好氧池沿程DON生物有效性,分别为(33.2±3.0)%、(34.9±7.0)%...     

傅里叶红外光谱分析在环境试验中的应用

本文简要介绍了傅里叶红外光谱仪的原理和构造，综述了傅里叶红外光谱分析在环境试验中的应用以及分析、研究方法和技术。     

活性煤处理叶胺磷农药废水的研究

1引言叶胺磷是近几年新开发应用的新型农药。对该农药废水的处理在我省是一项空白，国内外的治理方法均未见报道。该农药是用甲胺磷原油和叶蝉散原粉为主要原料，加适当溶剂、乳化剂混配而成。每生产一吨产品便有一吨左右的废水产生，这种废水恶臭、剧毒，组分复杂、含量波动，pH为6－7，其它成分见表1。表1叶胺磷废水的分析结果单位mg／lCOD50520有机磷9．28叶蝉散3000无机磷3675甲胺磷1500甲醇微量在这种废水中，叶蝉散和甲胺磷对人、畜、鱼类等毒害极大，只要有中毒症状出现，无法抢救。国家规定的排放标准（mg／l）；COD60苯胺类2，0…     

泰州市区重金属污染的藓袋法与路尘法评价研究

以泰州市区为例,分别用藓袋法和路尘法对城市近地面空气与道路灰尘中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、V、Zn等8种重金属污染物的含量与污染特征进行了分析,并用潜在生态危害指数法评价了其生态危害程度.结果表明,泰州市城区重金属污染较为严重,存在较高的潜在生态风险.近地面空气中Cd、Zn和Pb这3种重金属的平均含量分别达到了土壤背景值的8.41、6.94和5.85倍,道路灰尘中Zn、Cd、Pb和Cu的平均含量是背景值的22.63、6.58、5.13和4.45倍.重金属潜在生态危害评价结果表明,Cd是近地面空气与道路灰尘重金属潜在生态风险偏高的主要因子,其生态危害贡献率分别达到了92.43%和72.46%.相关性分析表明,近地面空气中的重金属来源相对单一,各重金属之间表现出较高的相关性.汽车尾气是泰州市城区重金属污染的主要来源,客运车站是重金属潜在生态风险最高的地区.     

Functionalized CMK-3 mesoporous carbon with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole for Hg(II) removal from aqueous media

Ordered mesoporous carbon（CMK-3） was synthesized and functionalized with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole groups（AMT-OCMK-3） for Hg（Ⅱ） removal from aqueous solution. The modified CMK-3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration and matrix effect were studied. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 450.45 mg/g of AMT-OCMK-3. In the solid-phase extraction system a series of experimental parameters such as sample flow rate, sample volume,eluent volume and concentration of the eluent solution have been investigated and established for preconcentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution. The results showed that the enrichment factor for Hg（Ⅱ） was 250, the precision（relative standard deviation（RSD）, %） for six replicate measurements was 2.05% and the limit of detection for Hg（Ⅱ） was achieved at0.17 μg/L.     

Effect of TiO2 calcination temperature on the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH3

Carbon-modified titanium dioxide(TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, with calcination at various temperatures, and tested for the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) of gaseous NH3 under visible and UV light. The test results showed that no samples had visible light activity, while the TiO2 calcined at 400℃ had the best UV light activity among the series of catalysts, and was even much better than the commercial catalyst P25. The catalysts were then characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It was shown that the carbon species residuals on the catalyst surfaces induced the visible light adsorption of the samples calcined in the low temperature range( 300℃). However, the surface acid sites played a determining role in the PCO of NH3 under visible and UV light over the series of catalysts. Although the samples calcined at low temperatures had very high SSA, good crystallinity, strong visible light absorption and also low PL emission intensity, they showed very low PCO activity due to their very low number of acid sites for NH3 adsorption and activation. The TiO2 sample calcined at 400℃ contained the highest number of acid sites among the series of catalysts, therefore showing the highest performance for the PCO of NH3 under UV light.     

植物风情谜中藏

大自然中有很多不为我们熟悉的植物，拥有令人意想不到的神奇本领。它们的万种风情点缀着大自然，同时也给我们留下许许多多美丽的意外和难解的疑问。     

四元数值函数小波框架的稳定性

令L~2(?~2,H)为定义在?~2上的四元数平方可积函数空间,研究了双边窗口四元数傅里叶变换的小波框架。得到了构成空间L~2(?~2,H)小波框架的函数序列在采样序列和母小波发生摄动时,关于框架稳定性的相关性质。