东北地区粮食生产及其可持续性因子分析

通过对东北地区耕地面积、粮食单产及总产的时间序列分析，揭示了该地区粮食生产发展趋势，并结合粮食生产发展的影响因子分析，探该区粮食生产可持续发展的影响因子，指出今后提高粮食生产的途径。     

中国东北沈抚地区土壤中PBDEs的残留、来源及风险评价

为研究我国东北地区表层土壤中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的残留和分布.于2016夏季采集了3个城市(沈阳、抚顺和沈抚新区)的72份土壤样品,覆盖本地区4种不同的土地利用类型:城镇用地,农村居住用地,耕地和林地.分析了表层土壤中14种PBDEs的残留,组成和分布特征,探究了本地区PBDEs主要来源及贡献率,并对人体暴露水平和健康风险进行了评估.结果表明,表层土壤Σ_(14)PBDEs的含量(以干重计,下同)范围在0. 279～50. 719 ng·g~(-1)之间,均值为(10. 466±9. 246) ng·g~(-1).不同城市PBDEs的含量规律为:抚顺沈阳沈抚新区背景点,不同类型土地规律为:城镇用地农村居住用地耕地林地.在所有PBDEs组分中,十溴联苯醚占比最高,为81. 25%～89. 23%.来源分析表明,商用十溴联苯醚是主要来源,多元线性回归分析(PCA-MLR)结果显示其贡献率为66. 06%.暴露水平和健康风险评价的结果又表明,5种不同人群中,抚顺的幼儿人群暴露剂量最高,为(20. 98±25. 01) ng·(kg·d)~(-1)在不同土地类型中,城镇用地的幼儿人群暴露剂量最高,(18. 54±20. 27)ng·(kg·d)~(-1),本地区总体非致癌健康风险处于较低水平.     

东北区低温冷害风险评估及区划

从变异系数、正态分布风险概率、风险指数三方面对东北区热量条件的稳定性和低温冷害的风险进行了讨论和评估;并将上述三种风险指标极差化,以求取低温冷害的综合风险指数,最后以综合风险指数为指标,并参考变异系数、正态分布风险概率、风险指数,给出了东北区低温冷害风险区划。     

东北地区水稻热量指数预测模型

利用1961-2000年的逐月气温资料,计算了东北地区3省和全区水稻的热量指数.通过对热量指数和大气环流资料的统计分析,建立了6个预测水稻热量指数的预测模型和1个集成模型,各模型都能较好地预测东北地区各省及全区的水稻生长发育期间的热量状况.检验结果表明,所有模型的准确率较高,且稳定性较好.7个模型预测辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省和全区水稻热量指数的平均准确率都在90%以上,其中辽宁省的准确率最高,都在97%以上,预测效果最好,黑龙江省的平均准确率最小,但也都在91%以上.从不同类型的模型来看,集成模型的预测效果最好,准确率最高.     

东达集团有限公司

东达集团有限公司始创于1995年,目前,已成为国内一流、东北地区规模最大的专业环保公司。多年来,公司全心致力于城市供排水、生活污水处理、工业废水处理、中水回用及海水淡化等水环境事业．现已发展成为集研发设计、工程承包、装备制造、投资、建设、运营为一体的大型专业化集团,在专业运营、技术开发、资本实力和人力资源方面已经具有深厚基础、     

Levels, distributions, and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the topsoils in Northeastern China

Seventeen topsoil samples (9 urban, 4 suburban, 3 rural and 1 background) were collected in/around Harbin, a typical city in northeast of China, to measure concentration levels of organocholrine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of Northeastern China in 2006. Hexachlorohexanes (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were detected in soil samples with mean concentrations (in pg/g dry weight (dw)) of 7120, 5425, and 1039, respectively. The mean concentrations for other OCPs were very low, 4.8 pg/g dw for chlordane and 3.3 pg/g dw for endosulfan. Source identification analysis reveals that all OCPs found in soil samples were due to historical use of these chemicals or from other source regions through long- and short-range atmospheric transport. DDT was mainly used in the rural sites, whereas the sources of HCB, chlordane and endosulfan were mainly in the urban area. HCH was found almost equally in both urban and rural area. Soil concentrations of all detected OCPs, except HCHs, in and around Harbin were much lower than those in the southeast of China, which is expected since the use of these OCPs in the former was much lower than that in the latter, however higher HCH concentrations in and around Harbin than those found in most places of the Southeast China is not expected. It is suggested that high HCH concentration in soil of Northeast China was most likely due to long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from Southeast China and the cold condensation process.     

Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in northeast China

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekimensis） and soybean （Glycine max） as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead （Pb） as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant （P〈0.01） linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2＋ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly （P〈0.05） synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2＋ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor.     

近50年东北地区≥10℃农业热量资源对气候变化的响应

气候变暖背景下,系统研究我国东北地区农业热量资源对气候变化的响应仍具有重要的现实意义。根据1961-2010年东北地区64个气象台站的逐日资料,采用公认的农业气象指标,分析了80%保证率下东北地区稳定通过10℃农业热量资源的时空变化特征及演变趋势,探讨了近50a东北地区农业热量资源对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:从1960-2010年,东北地区农业热量资源存在年代际变化,且80年代到90年代是该地区农业热量资源增加最快的时期。以1980年为界线,≥10℃初日出现的日期先推迟再提前,终日出现的日期推迟,持续日数先减少后增加,积温呈持续增多趋势;近50a东北地区热量资源增加趋势明显。东北地区农业热量资源地域差异明显。热量资源较丰富的是辽宁省西部和南部,较匮乏的是黑龙江省的大兴安岭地区,且由南向北随纬度增大呈初日出现日期延迟、终日出现日期提前、持续日数减少、积温减少的变化规律。     

东北地区能源消费碳排放时空演变特征及其驱动机制

运用探索性空间分析、冷热点分析、标准差椭圆分析和地理加权回归分析等地学方法,研究了我国东北地区2005—2014年间能源消费碳排放的时空演化特征及其驱动机制.结果表明:①东北三省的能源消费碳排放量从高到低分别为辽宁省、黑龙江省、吉林省,2014年碳排放量分别达到20266、9914、6411万t;②东北三省能源消费碳排放量呈比较显著的全局空间正相关特征,在统计学上显著性检验存在多个冷、热点,其中,热点区主要集中在辽宁省的大连市、沈阳市、本溪市和辽阳市,吉林省的吉林市,以及黑龙江省的大庆市和鸡西市,冷点区主要集中在黑龙江省的大兴安岭市、黑河市、佳木斯市和伊春市;③在省级尺度上东北三省碳排放重心在2005—2014年间呈往东偏移的趋势,在市级尺度上辽宁省和吉林省碳排放重心往西偏移,而黑龙江省碳排放重心则往南偏移;④在省级尺度上,能源消费碳排放主轴方向为"西南-东北",但有往北旋转的趋势,黑龙江省能源消费碳排放主轴呈现往北旋转的趋势,辽宁省和吉林省的能源消费碳排放主轴方向则呈往东旋转的趋势;⑤东北地区影响能源消费碳排放量的主要驱动因素的影响程度排序为:人均GDP产业结构总人口数城市化率老龄化.