爱,就在这里――写给把爱献给高原生态保护的人们

我们就是要在全球气候变化、牧民过度放牧的大背景下,研究探索出一条人工生态植草,用于遏制草场退化和牧民草料增收的方法和路子,也是落实国务院《青藏高原区域生态建设与环境保护规划（2011-2030年）》的具体行动。     

Effects of p,p′-DDE exposure on gonadal development and gene expression in Japanese medaka （Oryzias latipes）

Although 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（p-chlorophenyl）-ethylene （p,p′-DDE）, the major and most persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT）, was continually detected in wild fishes that showed abnormal gonad development such as intersex, little is known about the impact of p,p′-DDE exposure on gonad development in fishes. To survey the effects of p,p′-DDE on gonadal development and gene expressions, male juvenile （20-d post hatch） Japanese medaka （Oryzias latipes） was exposed to 1, 5, 20, and 100 μg/L p,p′-DDE for two months. Increased hepatosomatic index （HSI） and decreased gonadosomatic index （GSI） were found in the p,p′-DDE-treated groups. Intersex was found in 100 μg/L p,p′-DDE exposure group, as well as 100 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol （EE2） group. By quantitative real-time RT-PCR, it was found that gene expressions of vitellogenins （VTG-1, VTG-2）, choriogenins （CHG-H, CHG-L）, and estrogen receptor α （ER-α） in the liver of the fish were significantly up-regulated by p,p′-DDE exposure. VTG-1 and VTG- 2 were recommended as the preferred biomarker for assessing anti-androgenic p,p′-DDE because they were the highest up-regulated among the genes and showed good dose-response relationship. The up-regulated ER-α suggested that a potential synergetic effect would occur when p,p′-DDE coexists with other ER-α-binding endocrine-disrupting chemicals （EDCs）.     

机械化清洗油罐技术的应用

阐述了机械化清洗油罐技术在中国石化济南分公司004″罐的应用情况,从效益、耗时、安全、环保方面与人工清洗油罐进行了对比分析。     

不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种间竞争的影响

通过共培养的方法,研究了不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻之间种间竞争的影响.结果表明:不同的接种数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种群竞争关系有明显的影响.在3种不同的接种比例下,赤潮异弯藻在与东海原甲藻的生长竞争中始终占优势,对东海原甲藻的生长存在抑制作用,且随着起始数量的提高,其种群竞争生长的优势愈加明显,对东海原甲藻生长的抑制作用愈加显著.东海原甲藻仅在较高的起始数量(处理I,H:P=1:4)下,对赤潮异弯藻的生长才表现出一定的抑制作用,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ(H:P=1:1和H:P=4:1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长均无影响.     

原油输送站清罐作业闪爆事故技术分析

1事故概况2010年6月29日16时40分左右,辽阳某公司原油输送站1个30000m3原油罐在清罐作业过程中,发生可燃气体闪爆事故,致使罐内作业人员3人死亡,7人受伤。2010年6月,该公司原油输送站对1个30000m3原油罐进行清罐作业,该罐顶部设有3个通风口,下部设有2个人孔、1个排渣口。25日上午9时厂方采用0.3MPa压力的蒸汽进行蒸罐,持续时间77h,28日下午2点停止供应蒸汽,然后打开各罐孔进行自然冷却。     

Distribution characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yantian Port,Shenzhen, China北大核心CSCD

An annual quarterly survey of six stations in Yantian Port, Shenzhen, China was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of Yantian Port. In total, 36 species representing five groups and two uncertain taxa were identified. The dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoidea, Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium spp., and Lingulodinium polyedrum. The seasonal difference was not obvious in terms of temporal distribution. The number of species ranged from 32 to 36, and the abundance varied from 297 to 996 cysts/g. The annual average values of the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were 3.65, 1.55, and 0.93, respectively. The annual number and abundance of heterotrophic species were higher than those of autotrophic species. The number and abundance of species at stations near the dock zone were lower than those near the adjacent area. Notably, six toxic dinoflagellate cysts were found in the surface sediment of Yantian Port, indicating a potential outbreak risk for their vegetative cells in the local coastal area. This study provides a picture of the “Seed Bank” of dinoflagellates near Yantian Port, Shenzhen, and provides a reference value for predicting the occurrence of algal blooms. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Cu、Pb、Zn 和Cd 对东海原甲藻的生态毒性效应

采用现场调查、现场培养实验和模型分析的方法,研究长江口及邻近海域重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 对东海原甲藻的生态毒性效应.结果表明,东海原甲藻在重金属浓度较低时处于非检测毒性生长状态,在重金属浓度较高时处于毒性生长状态,毒性效应随重金属浓度的升高而增大,重金属离子与生物活性离子的竞争吸附是造成2 种不同生长状态的原因.建立非检测毒性效应模型,获得Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 对东海原甲藻的非检测毒性浓度(NDEC)分别为4.1,45.2,131.7,138.9µg/L.2003 年5 月调查海区溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 浓度范围分别为1.0~5.8,0.10~0.57,3.8~7.5,0.01~0.05µg/L,Cu 浓度超过其NDEC 的面积达49%,估计造成东海原甲藻生物量降低5%,浓度最高的海区降低24%,Pb、Zn、Cd 等对东海原甲藻的NDEC 高于调查海区的浓度,不会对其生长造成影响.     

E2诱导的鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)幼鱼血清中卵黄蛋白原和钙含量相关性研究

用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对E2诱导的鲫鱼幼鱼血清中卵黄蛋白原(VTG)进行了测定,并用原子吸收分光光度法测定了血清中的钙含量.结果表明:鲫鱼幼鱼血清中VTG和钙含量与E2的暴露剂量均有很好的剂量-效应关系.对血清中VTG和钙含量进行回归分析,发现二者具有较好的相关性,R2=0.928 7.因此,用原子吸收法测定血清中的钙含量从一定程度上可以替代ELISA法间接确定血清中的VTG含量,并对化学物质的雌激素效应进行了评价.      

定量RT-PCR检测雌二醇诱导的青鳉鱼基因表达

采用实时定量RT-PCR(Q-RT-PCR)方法,对暴露60d雌二醇的雄性青鳉鱼肝脏内卵黄蛋白原(VTG)和卵壳前体蛋白(CHG)基因表达进行研究.结果表明,0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0ng/L的雌二醇使肝脏内VTG-I,VTG-II,CHG-L和CHG-H基因表达被显著诱导.其中VTG-I显示出较好的剂量—效应关系,是较为理想的生物标记物基因.在0.1ng/L雌二醇暴露组中,VTG-I和VTG-II的表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明本方法具有检测环境中低剂量雌二醇暴露的潜力.     

东、黄海沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义

通过对1998年5月、2000年10月及2001年5月东、黄海海区3个航次采集的沉积物样品中生物硅(BSi)含量的分析,讨论了东海西北部、南黄海沉积物中BSi的分布、埋藏及其与水体初级生产力、硅藻丰度的关系.测定表明,调查海区表层沉积物中BSi的含量介于0.21%~0.70%,海区BSi的分布与水体初级生产力的变化一致.在长江口海区,BSi的积累与河口区水体中的叶绿素a、初级生产力有着密切的关系,近20年来长江口海区沉积物中BSi含量的变化记录了长江径流以及长江输送N、P、Si营养盐通量的年际变化.