Cu2+和Pb2+在BS-12两性修饰膨润土上的吸附及其交互作用

两性表面修饰可以同时提高黏土矿物对有机物、重金属的吸附性能,研究两性修饰土对多种重金属共存条件下的吸附及交互作用对于其应用具有实际意义.采用红外光谱(FTIR)对膨润土(CK)和150BS-12修饰土(150BS-12)吸附金属离子前后进行表征,通过批处理法研究不同比例BS-12修饰膨润土对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)在单一及Cu-Pb复合体系中的平衡吸附特征和差异,并探讨金属离子在修饰土样上的交互作用机制.结果表明,供试土样在单一及复合体系中对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附量均呈150BS-12 100BS-12 50BS-12 CK的顺序,吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型; BS-12修饰更有利于Cu~(2+)的吸附,但Pb~(2+)在BS-12修饰土样上的吸附量及选择性系数均大于Cu~(2+); Cu-Pb复合体系中,两种金属离子存在相互拮抗的作用,BS-12修饰在减弱Pb~(2+)对Cu~(2+)的拮抗作用的同时增强了Cu~(2+)对Pb~(2+)的拮抗作用,但Pb~(2+)对Cu~(2+)的拮抗作用仍大于Cu~(2+)对Pb~(2+)的拮抗作用;温度升高、p H升高和离子强度降低均能增加对Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附,但其对两种金属离子的影响程度不同,也导致对金属离子间的交互作用产生影响.     

利用造纸污泥制备两性木质素絮凝剂的研究

从造纸污泥中回收木质素,经磺化制得木质素磺酸盐,再与用三乙胺和环氧氯丙烷反应制得的季铵盐单体接枝共聚合成出两性木质素絮凝剂.探讨了催化剂、活化时间、反应物投料比、接枝温度和时间等因素对产品脱色性能的影响.将产品用于多种模拟染料溶液的脱色处理中,结果表明,该法制备的两性木质索絮凝剂对多种染料具有良好的脱色效果,脱色率均达...     

有机修饰剂对土的离子交换修饰研究

研究了有机修饰剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对于塿土2层次土样修饰的离子交换机制.结果表明,土壤表面的CTMAB和Ca2 /2的总和(Scc)可以作为一个简便有效的指标用来判断修饰机制的实质,它的研究证实了CTMAB对于塿土2层次土样的修饰是离子交换修饰和疏水键修饰共存的机制.疏水键修饰机制开始出现于修饰比例20%～28?C范围内,并随修饰比例和CTMAB摩尔分数的增大而线性增大,但直到50?C修饰比例时疏水键修饰机制才显现出其对于土壤性质的影响,100?C左右修饰比例是疏水键修饰超过离子交换修饰而成为主要修饰机制的转折点. Vanselow离子选择性系数表明塿土土样对于CTMAB的吸附偏好要远远大于对Ca2 的吸附.热力学研究结果表明,随总浓度增加,在25%～100?C比例区间,修饰反应由放热、熵减反应转变为吸热熵增反应,而在100%～200?C区间,表观焓变和表观熵变表现出焓、熵趋于减小的趋势,总体上表现出由25%～100?C区间的熵变控制的自发性反应向100%～200?C区间的焓变控制的自发性过程转换的热力学特征,佐证了上述修饰机制的合理性.     

Cd~(2+)在两性-阴离子复配修饰塿土上的吸附-解吸行为

以十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)单一修饰和十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱+十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)复配修饰塿土黏化层土壤,采用批处理法研究了Cd2+在供试土样上的吸附-解吸行为,并对其吸附-解吸机制进行了探讨.结果表明,在20℃、40℃下起始浓度较小时,复配修饰土样吸附量大于BS-12单一修饰土样,温度对吸附的影响不大.Langmuir模型最适合描述供试土样对Cd2+的吸附等温线.复配修饰土样20℃、40℃解吸量差异不大,原土和BS-12单一修饰土样随温度升高解吸量增加.土样净吸附量20℃时BS-12单一修饰土样最高,而复配修饰土样和原土差异不大,40℃时复配修饰和单一修饰土样差异不大,但均高于原土.复配土样的吸附是静电作用和有机修饰剂有机相的疏水阻力综合作用的结果.     

Improvement of antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes(PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FE- SEM)were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces.Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured.The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes.To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor(MBR),filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater.With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d,the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

石油污染土壤淋洗配方的比选

以广州市某废弃工业场地的石油污染土壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟试验的方法,考察了不同的pH、淋洗液配方、淋洗时间、以及土柱淋洗流量等因素对石油污染土壤淋洗修复效果的影响;并利用一级反应动力学模型对试验数据进行拟合。结果表明pH=8时水溶液对油的解吸量最大;最优淋洗液配方为5(曲拉通):10(木素钠):42(硅酸钠):43(碳酸钠)。土柱淋洗效果与淋洗液使用量有较大关系,在0.40 mL/min用量时,96 h的除油率为29.3%,土壤中石油的含量由32 273 mg/kg下降至22 820 mg/kg。     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂HTCC与PAM复配除浊性能研究

通过正交试验制备了阳离子高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖季铵盐(HTCC),以高岭土悬浊液的浊度去除率确定了HTCC的最佳投加量,研究了壳聚糖季铵盐与不同分子量聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的复配除浊效果,确定出其最佳复配比为mHTCC∶mPAM=16.67∶1,以该复配比在最佳投加量( 1.875 mg/L HTCC+0.112 mg/L ...     

煤尘粒径对表面活性剂复配溶液润湿性的影响研究

为明确煤尘粒径对表面活性剂复配溶液润湿能力的影响,以径长范围为小于74、74～104、104～147μm的3种红柳煤样为研究对象,开展沉降试验。选取十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐(FMES)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)和辛癸基葡糖苷(APG)5种表面活性剂,将其以质量比1∶1两两复配成10种复配组合,分别对单体和复配溶液作沉降试验,探究不同粒径煤尘在复配溶液和组成它们的表面活性剂单体溶液中的沉降速度变化特征。结果表明：煤尘粒径不会影响表面活性剂之间的协同润湿作用,但会影响表面活性剂之间的协同润湿程度;不同复配组合之间的润湿能力强弱不因煤尘粒径改变而变化;相较小粒径煤尘,复配溶液质量分数提高对大粒径煤尘润湿能力的提升更为明显;SDS与JFC复配组合对不同粒径煤尘均有很好的润湿效果,通过表面活性剂处理前后煤样的红外光谱分析推测,SDS与JFC能够协同提高煤尘的润湿性。