固相微萃取-液相色谱法测定水中二苯并噻吩

分别采用高效液相色谱与固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法建立了水中微量二苯并噻吩的分析方法,结果表明固相微萃取对二苯并噻吩具有非常明显的富集作用。实验得到固相微萃取技术最佳检测条件为:吸附时间20min,解析时间3min,色谱流动相甲醇/水=90/10,方法的变异系数为2.85%,加标回收率102.4%,检测限0.03μg/mL。     

苏州河沉积物中的PCDD/Fs研究

用酶联免疫检测方法对苏州河沉积物PCDD/Fs进行分析,结果表明,PCDD/Fs水平在3.6～13.7TEQpg/gdw之间(平均值为8.4TEQpg/gdw)。PCDD/Fs含量的空间分布差异较大,中游含量高于上游和下游。对柱状沉积物的分析显示,沉积物PCDD/Fs含量在9.0～18.8TEQpg/gdw之间(平均值为13.8TEQpg/gdw),1996年前后达到峰值。通过对苏州河PCDD/Fs组成模式进行主分量分析发现,河流沉积物的PCDD/Fs为混合来源,其中污水排放的贡献较大。     

基于聚类和多重评价法的河流质量评价研究

采用多重评价方法与聚类分析法对研究很少的大型江河——沅江下游的水质情况开展了调查、分析和质量评价。主成分分析法评价该江段的水质均属于Ⅰ类~Ⅱ类;加权的Topsis法、综合指数评价法、模糊识别评价法和判别分析法计算也均属于Ⅰ类~Ⅱ类,且方法间重复性较高,相互补充。UPGMA聚类分析发现,沅江桃源江段的水质可分为三个亚区;从修正TSI来看,所调查样点多为中营养水体;Ross法评判发现江段下游水质有变差趋势,除下游靠近县城水体外,多数仅为轻度污染水。总之,采用多重评价法综合对比才能弥补单一方法存在的漏洞,采用主成分分析法+加权的Topsis法+判别分析的水质评估以及TSIm河流富营养化评估和Ross法评估的多重评价和聚类分析等的评价体系能综合水质指标的不同侧重点,能更真实开展水质评价工作。     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital e uent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction （SPE） method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids （HAAs）, a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples＇ turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

城市污水处理厂恶臭挥发性有机物的感官定量评价研究

采用自制低温吸附装置和臭气袋采集了广州典型城市污水厂6个处理车间的空气样品.应用热解析/气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析恶臭挥发性有机物的组成和含量,参照国标的三点比较式臭袋法测量样品的恶臭浓度,并针对恶臭挥发性有机物进行感官定量评价.结果表明,①城市污水处理厂检测出烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃等7大类共70种挥发性有机物,其中30种属于恶臭挥发性有机物,它们的浓度范围为0.37～1 872.24μg.m-3,在污泥脱水、污泥浓缩和曝气池最高;②主成分分析可以将主要恶臭挥发性有机物分为苯系物、卤代烃、醛类、碳氢化合物和含氮、硫的挥发性有机物5类;③多元线性回归分析能建立化学浓度与恶臭感官浓度的定量表达式,计算出恶臭挥发性有机物对该厂恶臭气味的贡献率占25%,感官浓度的预测值和实测值拟合良好,建立的预测方程对污水处理车间低浓度恶臭挥发性有机物的敏感度高于人鼻嗅辨的敏感度.     

Behavior toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans transferred to the progeny after exposure to sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant concentrations

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most common detected antibiotics in the environment. In order to study whether SMX can a ect behavior and growth and whether these e ects could be transferred to the progeny, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively. After exposure, the exposed parent generation (P0) was measured for behavior and growth indicators, which were presented as percentage of controls (POC). Then their corresponding unexposed progeny (F1) was separated and measured for the same indicators. The lowest POC for P0 after 96 hr-exposure at 100 mg/L were 37.8%, 12.7%, 45.8% and 70.1% for body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM), Omega turns (OT) and body length (BL), respectively. And F1 su ered defects with the lowest POC as 55.8%, 24.1%, 48.5% and 60.7% for BBF, RM, OT and BL, respectively. Defects in both P0 and F1 showed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and behavior indicators showed better sensitivity than growth indicator. The observed e ects on F1 demonstrated the transferable properties of SMX. Defects of SMX at environmental concentrations suggested that it is necessary to perform further systematical studies on its ecological risk in actual conditions.     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

活性炭纤维-固相微萃取技术快速检测烤肉中多环芳烃

文章采用新型活性炭纤维(ACF)做为固相微萃取(SPME)的萃取纤维与气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用,建立了一种快速检测烤肉中持久性污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法.烤肉由于其独特的风味深受人们喜爱.但是,在烤肉中含有致癌的PAHs,影响着人们的身体健康.烤肉中PAHs最佳提取条件为:2g匀浆样品,丙酮+甲醇(1∶0...     

固相萃取-气相色谱法快速分析水中硝基苯类化合物

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱定量分析水中硝基苯类化合物的分析方法,详尽地叙述了水样预处理过程.对固相萃取,水样预处理和色谱分离条件做了试验并予以优化.采用ODS-C18固相萃取柱将样品浓缩富集后,以DB-17色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)为分离柱,以ECD和FID检测.方法检出限在0.12～90 μg/...     

晶种法处理含氟废水与氟化钙沉淀砂状化研究

采用晶种法对含氟废水进行了处理,考察了pH和Ca/F对出水F-浓度和CaF2沉降性能的影响,得到了含水率低、沉降性能好的砂状化CaF2颗粒.实验结果表明,晶种的加入对提高除氟效果、促进CaF2的砂状化有重要作用.当pH为中性偏酸性且0.5＜Ca/F＜1时,除氟效果较好且所得到的CaF2具有较好的沉降性能;当pH=5.5...