污水生物处理工艺强化脱氮除磷的研究进展

近年来我国富营养化水体爆发水华和赤潮的水质恶化事件频频发生,众所周知,污水中的氮和磷是水体富营养化的罪魁祸首,为了避免造成对水体生态环境的进一步破坏,并考虑到水资源的再生循环利用,国家把污水排放氮、磷一级指标做了进一步的提高.国内现有的脱氮除磷工艺很少能使出水中的氮和磷同时达到理想的去除效果,为了出水水质能达标,通常引入深度处理工序,使工艺复杂化并增加了成本,此外,二级生物脱氮除磷工艺本身还存在着基建费用大、能耗高、剩余污泥排放量大等缺陷.对此,需要深入污水二级生物处理段进行分析研究,并时其进行全程的优化.基于生物脱氮除磷的机理,综述了国内外二级生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展,并对比了各工艺的优缺点,提出了优化二级生物处理工艺的发展趋势.     

Fluxes of CH4 and N2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P ＜ 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.     

Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure-property relationship analysis

The photolysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） （including mono- through deca-chlorinated） in n-hexane was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation using a 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp. Photolysis of PCBs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis rate constants ranging between 0.0011 s^-1 for PCB-52 and 0.0574 s^-1 for PCB-118. The degradation rates of PCBs by high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation were remarkably independent with respect to the degree of chlorination. Furthermore, partial least squares （PLS） models were developed to provide insight into which aspect of the molecular structure influenced PCB photolysis rate constants. It was found that the photolysis rates of PCBs increased with an increase in the net charge on the carbon atom （qc）, （ELUMO-EHOMO）^2, and the Y-axis dipole moment （μy） values, or the decrease in the energy of the second highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO-1）, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, ELUMO ＋ EHOMO, ELUMO - EHOMO, most positive atomic charge （q^＋）, and the twist angle of the chlorine atom （TA） values.     

固定化三维电极-生物膜法去除污水中硝酸盐氮

本研究将固定化细胞技术用于三维电极-生物膜反应器的阴极微生物挂膜,对现有的三维电极-生物膜反应器进行了改进。同时,以城市污水二级生化处理系统的出水为研究对象,利用自制的固定化三维电极-生物膜反应器进行了反硝化深度脱氮试验。考察了电流强度、HRT、不同C/N值等因素对硝态氮和COD去除率的影响,并通过对比试验证实了固定化细胞技术的使用可提高反应器的反硝化性能。试验结果表明,在电流强度30mA,进水流量9mL/min时,COD的去除率为50%,硝态氮的去除率可达82.03%,反应器NO3--N负荷为0.297mg NO3--N(/cm2.d);同等操作条件下,采用固定化方法挂膜的反应器的脱氮效率可比普通反应器提高20%以上。     

酚二磺酸制备条件及校准曲线制备对硝酸盐氮测定的影响

通过试验,探讨了采用未严重变质的苯酚不经纯化直接制备酚二磺酸,在无发烟硫酸而用浓硫酸代替时,及两种不同校准曲线制备方法对测定结果的影响。     

降低二氧化硫自动监测仪运行故障方法探究

本文主要是探讨XHS—2000B型二氧化硫自动监测仪运行常见故障及其解决方法,以期降低故障发生率,维持自动监测仪长期稳定运行。     

加大污水治理力度 促进纺织产业升级——高阳县污水处理厂建设经验

高阳县污水处理厂位于县城东纺织印染循环经济园区内,占地213亩,配套管网20公里,一期日处理印染废水和城区生活污水6万吨,总投资18602万元,其中厂区建设投资14602万元,污水管网投资4000万元。2006年8月开工建设,2008年4月进行闭水试验和菌种培养,5月投入试运行,8月通过省环保专家的验收,9月正式运行,已收入三利等30家印染企业废水,出水水质初步达到国家二级排放标准。     

唐山市：将关闭二级保护区内排污口

唐山市环保局以确保饮水安全为重点,优先保护饮用水水源地水质,计划在2008年底前,关闭所有饮用水水源二级保护区内的直接排污口,使滦河、陡河水质在较去年有明显好转的情况下得到进一步改善。     

污水厂二沉池出水化学除磷实验研究

在原水总磷较高的情况下,生物除磷已不能满足除磷要求。化学除磷作为生物除磷的重要补充显得非常重要。液体硫酸铝是一种很好的化学除磷药剂,在二沉池出水总磷大于2．00mg／L的情况下,60．00mg／L液体硫酸铝投加量可以使TP降至0．50mg／L以下,去除率达到80．00％以上。适宜的水动力条件是除磷效果的保证。     

浅谈N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺二盐酸盐对苯胺类测定的影响

实验就N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺二盐酸盐对苯胺类测定的影响进行探讨,结果表明,测定低浓度苯胺类样品时,N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺二盐酸盐的品质对测定产生重要影响,所以测定低浓度苯胺类样品时建议采用进口N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺二盐酸盐进行分析。