酚二磺酸法测定水中硝酸盐氮中有关问题的探讨

对酚二磺酸的不同制备条件和使用条件进行了分析实验。认为在制备酚二磺酸时，苯酚，硫酸的纯度及用量，水浴锅的温度和制备过程中无水条件的控制是酚二磺酸制备的关键所在。另外，控制一磺酸加入时样品温度加入后的研磨时间也是提高测定结果准确度和精密度的重要环节。     

用卟啉显色剂测定多组分重金属的研究

研究了在适量铍试剂Ⅲ存在下，四—（４—磺酸基苯基）卟啉（ＴＰＰＳ４）与Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的共同显色条件，提出了用偏最小二乘法（ＰＬＳ）计算程序测定上述５组分的方法。     

汽车内部空气污染成因及控制

针对受关注程度日益提高的车内空气污染问题,分析了车内空气污染物产生的根源,提出了控制车内空气污染的方法,并重点提出和分析了车内空气污染动静控制技术。分析表明：车内污染物主要来自汽车零部件材料中所含有害物质的释放、车外污染物进人车内以及汽车自身排放的污染物进人车内等三方面。除通过提高零部件材料的质量和采用低VOC排放涂装技术来控制车内空气污染外,本文提出采用动静控制技术来有效降低车内污染物浓度,其具体方法为：利用零部件表面的静态催化氧化喷涂层来降低车内缓释型污染物,利用静态催化氧化喷涂层来降低吸烟等产生的二次污染物,利用动态空气循环净化器来降低车内急性污染物。从健康汽车的观点来看,即使汽车采用了污染物零排放材料,也必须装备动静控制技术来对二次污染物和急性污染物进行控制。     

pH和盐对活性炭纤维吸附2,4-二硝基酚的影响

研究了pH和盐对活性炭纤维ST-8和ST-13吸附2,4-二硝基酚的影响。结果表明,在pH0～14范围内,吸附量先随着pH的增大而增大,然后吸附量随着pH的增大而减小,在pH11时吸附量最小但不为零;在pH11～14范围内,吸附量随着pH增大而增大;ST-8和ST-13吸附2,4-二硝基酚的最佳pH分别为2和3。盐的存在对吸附2,4-二硝基酚有利,低pH时,氯化钠的作用是盐析效应;在pH较大时,氯化钠的作用是屏蔽效应。     

柠檬酸三钠等对三聚氰胺诱导的草酸钙晶体的影响

在二维凝胶圆盘体系中.研究了添加不同浓度的柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠等对舍有三聚氰胺诱导的草酸钙晶体形成的影响.同时利用带数码相机的生物学显微镜和XRD等测试手段对样品进行表征.结果表明:体系中有2×10-5mol/L的三聚氰胺存在时,晶体主要以不规则多边形和圆形形式存在,而在柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠等的浓度条件为0.01 mol/L和0.1 mol/L时,大大降低尿结石中主要成分COM的比例,在加上述物质的凝胶体系中的晶体除乙二胺四乙酸二钠未出现待测组分外,其余都出现了待测组分,COM,COD的晶型.加入柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠时.待测组分和COM的所占下降很多,主要以COD和COT晶型存在.另外,这些未知组分的出现,对我们研究其促进尿结石的形成有很大的启示.     

污水生物处理工艺强化脱氮除磷的研究进展

近年来我国富营养化水体爆发水华和赤潮的水质恶化事件频频发生,众所周知,污水中的氮和磷是水体富营养化的罪魁祸首,为了避免造成对水体生态环境的进一步破坏,并考虑到水资源的再生循环利用,国家把污水排放氮、磷一级指标做了进一步的提高.国内现有的脱氮除磷工艺很少能使出水中的氮和磷同时达到理想的去除效果,为了出水水质能达标,通常引入深度处理工序,使工艺复杂化并增加了成本,此外,二级生物脱氮除磷工艺本身还存在着基建费用大、能耗高、剩余污泥排放量大等缺陷.对此,需要深入污水二级生物处理段进行分析研究,并时其进行全程的优化.基于生物脱氮除磷的机理,综述了国内外二级生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展,并对比了各工艺的优缺点,提出了优化二级生物处理工艺的发展趋势.     

Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propranol (AMP) was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO_2 absorbent. The CO_2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts (HSS) could cause a reduction in CO_2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).     

Fluxes of CH4 and N2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P ＜ 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.