基于生命周期的产品碳足迹评价与核算分析

近年来,越来越多的企业对其产品进行碳足迹评价,评价方法主要采用产品碳足迹评价标准提供的碳计量方程,如GHG Protocol、ISO14064、PAS 2050、TS Q 0010等。在介绍相关评价标准的基础上,分析了产品碳足迹的评价步骤,最后利用河北盛华化工有限公司生产的PVC产品为例,给出了基于生命周期的B2B模式的产品碳足迹评价的案例。为企业及相关机构开展碳足迹评价提供借鉴作用。     

浅析电子废弃物回收利用及危害解决办法

随着高科技的发展和人们需求的增长,电子产品不断推陈出新,电子废弃物成为世界上数量增长最快的垃圾."电子垃圾",主要包括各种使用后废弃的电脑、通信设备、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机等电子电器产品.电子废弃物不规范回收处理易造成污染.电子废弃物中含有很多可回收再利用的有色金属、黑色金属、玻璃等物质.严格意义上讲,这些电子废弃物,不应称其为电子垃圾,而应称作电子旧货.伴随着电子工业的高速发展,电子废弃物污染不可避免地摆在了我们面前.电子废弃物具有危害性和可利用性.     

从鸡蛋有"身份证"说起

据报载,即使像鸡蛋这样小的产品,德国人也一点不马虎.德国市场上销售的鸡蛋通常用硬纸盒包装,见不到散装的.最令人惊讶的是,盒里每一只鸡蛋都有说明"身份"的红色编码.     

我们的目标是:打造一流化工装置——齐鲁石化乙烯装置创建完好装置纪实

2007年5月,距离齐鲁石化30万吨乙烯装置"87·5"开工投料的日子,整整20年了.如今的齐鲁乙烯装置已经成长扩能为年生产能力80万吨的大乙烯.在具有纪念意义的5月份,不断有令人惊喜的消息传来:5月上旬,乙烯小时产量超过百吨;能耗、水耗、裂解炉运行周期等指标,连创历史最好水平.     

猪粪秸秆高温堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征与堆肥周期探讨

将猪粪与秸秆以7：1（质量比,以鲜重计）的比例,在自制的强制通风静态堆肥反应箱中进行高温堆肥试验,研究了堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征及其腐熟时间.同时,在堆制的23d中,根据堆温变化采样6次,分析了堆肥样品中各种氮素和碳素含量及其它性质的变化情况.结果表明：堆肥结束时,硝态氮含量增加了103.0%,铵态氮、有机氮、总氮含量分...     

葫芦岛市新策力克畜禽养殖污染难题

改革开放以来,葫芦岛市的畜禽养殖业得以迅猛发展,其环境污染问题也日益凸显。大多数规模化畜禽养殖场没有污染治理设施,畜禽粪污未经任何处理即就地排放,水体和空气质量都受到了不同程度的污染。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic silver flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process

The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver flakes. The possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes (CF). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of CF, 1.0 ± 0.2 min⁻¹, was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 ± 0.004 min⁻¹. This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.     

福禄吉祥与生物安全

再过十来天就是春节了!受几千年传统文化的影响,中国人过年总爱与吉祥、如意和福禄之类的祝福挂钩。文玩市场应该说是许多人在春节前乃至春节期间十分乐意光顾的地方。但最近有媒体报道说,在北京的文玩市场,一直以来很受顾客青睐的手捻儿葫芦(寓意福禄)几乎全是美国品种。     

企业怎能点“绿”成金——读《市场营销3.0:从产品到客户再到心灵》有感

人们常讲,企业可持续发展利己利人。企业点"绿"成金,既可保护环境也可成就自己。这道理听起来很轻松悦耳,但真要落到实处往往困难重重,因为这涉及到市场分析、产品设计、生产管理、市场营销等复杂环节。有些环节的微观机理是不容易陈述清楚的。市场营销便是如此:为何消费者青睐绿色产品?为何企业要在消费群体中塑造负责任的环保形象?传统的市场营销理论并没有对此给出明确解释。营销之父菲利普·科特勒的最新力作《市场营销3.0:从企业到