Scenario analysis of energy-based low-carbon development in China

China＇s increasing energy consumption and coal-dominant energy structure have contributed not only to severe environmental pollution,but also to global climate change. This article begins with a brief review of China＇s primary energy use and associated environmental problems and health risks. To analyze the potential of China＇s transition to low-carbon development,three scenarios are constructed to simulate energy demand and CO2 emission trends in China up to 2050 by using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System（LEAP） model. Simulation results show that with the assumption of an average annual Gross Domestic Product（GDP） growth rate of 6.45%,total primary energy demand is expected to increase by 63.4%,48.8% and 12.2% under the Business as Usual（BaU）,Carbon Reduction（CR）and Integrated Low Carbon Economy（ILCE） scenarios in 2050 from the 2009 levels. Total energy-related CO2 emissions will increase from 6.7 billion tons in 2009 to 9.5,11,11.6 and11.2 billion tons; 8.2,9.2,9.6 and 9 billion tons; 7.1,7.4,7.2 and 6.4 billion tons in 2020,2030,2040 and 2050 under the BaU,CR and ILCE scenarios,respectively. Total CO2 emission will drop by 19.6% and 42.9% under the CR and ILCE scenarios in 2050,compared with the BaU scenario.To realize a substantial cut in energy consumption and carbon emissions,China needs to make a long-term low-carbon development strategy targeting further improvement of energy efficiency,optimization of energy structure,deployment of clean coal technology and use of market-based economic instruments like energy/carbon taxation.     

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors：Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.     

Quantifying and managing regional greenhouse gas emissions：Waste sector of Daejeon, Korea

A credible accounting of national and regional inventories for the greenhouse gas （GHG） reduction has emerged as one of the most significant current discussions. This article assessed the regional GHG emissions by three categories of the waste sector in Daejeon Metropolitan City （DMC）, Korea, examined the potential for DMC to reduce GHG emission, and discussed the methodology modified from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Korea national guidelines. During the last five years, DMC＇s overall GHG emissions were 239 thousand tons C02 eq./year from eleven public environmental infrastructure facilities, with a population of 1.52 million. Of the three categories, solid waste treatment/disposal contributes 68%, whilst wastewater treatment and others contribute 22% and 10% respectively. Among GHG unit emissions per ton of waste treatment, the biggest contributor was waste incineration of 694 kg CO2 eq./ton, followed by waste disposal of 483 kg CO2 eq./ton, biological treatment of solid waste of 209 kg CO2 eq./ton, wastewater treatment of 0.241 kg CO2 eq./m3, and public water supplies of 0.067 kg CO2 eq./m3. Furthermore, it is suggested that the potential in reducing GHG emissions from landfill process can be as high as 47.5% by increasing landfill gas recovery up to 50%. Therefore, it is apparent that reduction strategies for the main contributors of GHG emissions should take precedence over minor contributors and lead to the best practice for managing GHGs abatement.     

浅论工业废水的污染现状及防治措施

工业废水是我国水污染的重要污染源,本文讨论了中国工业废水排放污染现状,对重点工业废水排放行业废水特征进行了研究,并提出相应的防治措施,随着工业的迅速发展,工业废水的种类和数量不断增加,对生态环境的污染和破坏越来越严重,对人类的安全和健康造成巨大威胁。长期以来,我国工业主要具有劳动力密集型、要求标准低、资源较密集的特点。     

减排制度保障进一步加强

2013年4月上旬,国务院办公厅转发了《"十二五"主要污染物总量减排考核办法》(以下简称《考核办法》),环境保护部、国家统计局、国家发展和改革委员会、监察部联合印发了《"十二五"主要污染物总量减排统计办法》(以下简称《统计办     

浅谈排污权交易制度

排污权交易(pollution rights trading)是指在一定区域内,在污染物排放总量不超过允许排放量的前提下,内部各污染源之间通过货币交换的方式相互调剂排污量,从而达到减少排污量、保护环境的目的。其主要思想就是建立合法的污染物排放权利即排污权(这种权利通常以排污许可证的形式表现),并允许这种权利像商品那样被买入和卖出,     

约束性指标不容讨价还价

“十一五”环保规划主要指标由“十五”的27项减少到5项,规划指标大幅精简,约束性更强。其中,总量控制指标两项,即二氧化硫排放量和化学需氧量排放量削减10％,这也是国家“十一五”规划确定的约束性指标之一,是必须实现的目标。如何正确认识节能减排形势,准确探索和把握其规律,从而科学地指导节能减排工作,是摆在各级政府和部门面前的重要课题。在实际工作中,要抓住主要矛盾,认真分析其成因,以采取有效措施解决问题。     

五华区废水中CODCr监测结果分析

经过多年的严格管理,五华区大部分大中型排污单位已经能做到达标排放.环保管理应将重点转移到中小型企业,尤其是食品加工行业,禁止废水直接排入城市排水系统,要安装废水处理系统,在废水排放稳定达标的基础上,进一步深化处理和回用,削减CODCr排放量.同时加大对污染源的管理和治理,促使排污单位污染物排放达到国家排放标准.     

上海市用水量与经济发展的关系研究

选取上海市1998～2006年的用水量、经济数据,通过人均GDP与人均用水量之间的关系,探索上海市用水量与经济发展是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,剖析上海市经济增长与用水量的演变规律,结果表明：上海市经济增长与用水量之间不符合一般的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,重新建立了曲线模型,通过模型计量分析,人均总用水量,人均农业用水量,人均生活用水量与人均GDP曲线均为“U＋倒U”形,而人均工业用水量人均GDP曲线为“倒U＋U”形,为合理开发上海市水资源提供较为科学严谨的依据。     

燕赵的天空——河北省大气污染防治报告

河北省乃至京津冀地区大气污染是一个区域性问题,总体呈复合型污染特征,具有影响范围大、持续时间长、灰霾出现频次高、污染物性质不稳定、变化大和浓度高等特点。大气污染严重区域可以概括为＂一带两区＂。＂一带＂是指通过卫星遥感影像解析,从河南省北部、山东省西北部向北,沿太行山脉到燕山山脉,恰好形成了一条污染物聚集带,主要包括河北省石家庄、邢台、邯郸、保定地区。这个区域本身重工业比较密集,污染物排放量大,在没有较强气流作用下,区域内排放的污染物和外来输送的污染物就会在此逐渐集聚,累积超过大气环境容量时,就会形成区域性重度污染。“两区”是指以唐山为中心的重工业集中区和以衡水为中心的污染物叠加区。重工业集中区内,污染物排放量远高于扩散量,污染物浓度始终维持在较高水平,是形成重污染天气的主要原因。