微生物修复技术在人工土快滤床中的实验

文章针对人工土快滤床系统表层有机质积累造成系统堵塞的问题，从稳定系统分离得的22株菌中，筛选出了10株对污水中COD、TN、TP去除效果较好的菌株作为优势菌，混合后分别接种处理1(配水周期2d，湿干比1：5)和处理2(配水周期3d，湿干比1：8)。结果表明，经过5个月的配水试验，处理土柱对污水中BOD5、COD、TP的去除效果与对照相比显著提高、且处理土柱各层有机质和总氮含量明显低于对照，有机质含量的增加趋势也相对缓慢。从处理效果和处理水量两方面综合考虑，湿干比1：5配水周期2d的运行方式更经济实用。     

典型再生水人工湿地净化系统水质时空变异研究——以北京市奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地为例

选取奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地作为典型再生水补水人工湿地净化系统进行水质数据检测,应用模糊综合评价法综合评估各净化单元的水体污染状况,采用综合判别分析和Spearman相关分析阐释影响各净化单元时空变异的水环境要素,并通过因子分析识别不同时间段污染源的种类和组成.结果表明,奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地净化系统水质状况较好,符合人体非直接接触的景观用水国家标准.人工湿地各净化单元时空区间污染程度不同:季节尺度上,秋季污染更为严重;空间尺度上,主湖区、混合氧化塘区污染最为严重.CODMn、NO-3-N、ORP、TN 4项指标即可完全表征水质的季节差异(91.8%),应适当加大监测力度;Chl-a、CODMn、DO、pH 4项指标用于表征空间差异(55.1%),较低的判别正确率暗示了各功能区间类似的污染状况.不同时空区间污染源种类和组成存在差异性:水体的内源杂质是各季度影响水质的主要因子,春季有机污染最为严重,夏季则转为氮、磷等营养物质污染,秋季水体则更易受富营养化的威胁;再生水区水体污染的主要影响因子为氮、磷等营养盐类,其余功能区水体主要影响因子仍为内源杂质.增强水体流通力,缩短水力停留时间,能够有效减弱富营养盐类和有机污染物的影响.     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

冬季人工湿地工程对三氯生的去除效果

为了明确北方大规模人工湿地在冬季对TCS(三氯生)的去除效果,在山东省境内4个典型的大规模人工湿地(即武河人工湿地、大沙河人工湿地、新薛河人工湿地和洸府河人工湿地)内于冬季(2013年12月—2014年1月)进行取样,以超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定人工湿地进出水中ρ(TCS),并分析不同湿地对TCS的去除效果. 结果表明:TCS在4个人工湿地系统进出水中均有检出,由于各人工湿地系统均承接当地污水处理厂尾水,冬季进水中ρ(TCS)偏高,为(800.81±83.37)~(1 151.00±47.13) ng/L,并以武河人工湿地为最高. 虽然人工湿地对TCS的去除率达22.44%~78.82%,但经由人工湿地处理后出水中仍含有较高浓度的TCS残留,经由人工湿地出水进入下游水体的TCS日释放量仍较高,其中洸府河人工湿地出水中高达92.60 g. 因此,冬季各人工湿地对TCS的去除效果在低温影响下有所降低,并且对下游水体和人类健康的威胁不容忽视.      

人工湿地中影响微生物空间分布因素的探讨

自20世纪70年代以来,人工湿地在污水处理中得到了广泛应用。人工湿地去除污染物主要是微生物的作用,就影响人工湿地中微生物空间分布的因素进行讨论。归结起来,主要包括植物、污水的营养水平、基质、温度等因素。     

水葫芦-水草人工湿地系统在再生浆造纸废水处理中的应用研究

通过对水葫芦 -水草人工湿地处理再生浆造纸废水的试验研究表明 ,在进水pH 7 12～ 7 49,BOD5、CODCr、SS浓、度分别为 44 0 5mg/L、35 4 2mg/L、2 90 7mg/L ,水力负荷 0 0 5m/d的条件下 ,BOD5、CODCr、SS的去除率分别为98%、93%、和 89%。系统性能稳定 ,出水水质达到排放标准且可用于农灌     

生物修复技术在白海面黑臭河涌治理中的应用

利用人工曝气、水体生物修复和河道生态恢复等技术,对广州市白海面黑臭水体进行治理。结果表明,在污水进水流量3000～4000m^3／d的条件下,通过生物治理,消除了水体黑臭现象,从上游到下游,水色由暗黄逐步转为黄、黄绿;在上游不断流入污水情况下,CODcr除去率达55％以上,NH3-N除去率为35％,TP除去率达25％以上。本研究为城市黑臭河道,特别是暂时无法截污的城郊河道的治理和养护提供了一套切实可行的方法。     

大气臭氧浓度增加对湿地松幼苗的影响

采用开顶式气室(open top chambers,OTCs)装置,研究O<,3>浓度增加(E-O<,3>约150 nL·L<'-1>)对湿地松幼苗的影响,包括伤害症状、植株生长、针叶光合色素含量、气体交换速率与叶绿素荧光、丙二醛(MDA)以及主要抗氧化剂含量变化.经过E-O<,3>处理一个生长季后(AOT40值为38...     

不同填料人工湿地处理系统的净化能力研究

研究了沸石、沸石－石灰石、石灰石3种填料的人工湿导的净化能力。结果表明：（1）沸石和石灰石混合使用，不会降低沸石吸附氨氮的能力；（2）沸石可促使难溶性P的释放，使得石灰石吸附P被植物和微生物吸收利用；（3）沸石和石灰石发生了协同作用，对TN、TP的去除效果均好于其单独使用。