脱色剂Z60去除焦化废水色度的应用研究

在单因素影响试验基础上用正交实验法研究了脱色剂Z60对焦化废水色度的去除效果,对最佳反应时间、温度、药剂投加量进行了初步试验研究,试验表明：在搅拌强度满足均匀混合条件下,反应温度25oC,絮凝沉降时间40min,色度去除率达80％以上,色度低于50倍。     

一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养基优化研究

利用单因子实验和部分因子实验对实验室保藏的产絮凝剂菌种C3的培养基进行优化,以提高C3菌所产生的微生物絮凝剂MBFC3的絮凝效果.实验结果表明,C3菌产MBFC3的最适培养基为: 蔗糖1.0 g,(NH4)2SO4 0.24 g,FeSO4 0.10 g,KH2PO4 0.40 g,MgSO4 0.01 g,NaCl 0.02 g,蒸馏水100 mL,pH值自然.在此培养条件下,C3菌所产生的微生物絮凝剂MBFC3对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝率可达到99.1%.实验中还发现,培养基中(NH4)2SO4和NaCl的用量是影响MBFC3絮凝效果的显著因素.     

Experimental investigation of the e ect of flow turbulence and sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence,sediment supply conditions,and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmiumions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied both in batch reactors and in a turbulencesimulation tank.By changing the agitation conditions,the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment.It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much lessthan that of suspended sediment,but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final(equilibrium)concentration of dissolvedcadmium.This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern.Inthe turbulence simulation tank,the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions,and the turbulence intensity is quantifiedin terms of eddy diffusivity,which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency)and is comparable to natural surfacewater conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment,the adsorption rateis significantly low,and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of theexperiment.This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in naturalrivers.When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists,the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmiumconcentration in the tank noticeably increase,and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerablydue to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results ofthe experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment,andin particular the adsorption rate,is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

种植苜蓿草的生态环境效益和经济效益分析——苜蓿草在台安县洪家农牧场种植实验

2004年台安县洪家农牧场引进加拿大优质苜蓿草进行种植实验.通过清种、林地间作和不种苜蓿草对比实验,对土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、PH值、含水量进行分析,得出种植苜蓿草所产生的生态环境效益和经济效益.此项实验结论说明,紫色苜蓿是牧草之王,可促进养殖业的发展,对改善生态环境,防止土壤沙化和水土流失,改善农业结构,实现生态良性循环起到积极的促进作用,对改善生态环境起到了良好的示范作用.     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

交通拥堵对TSP排放的影响分析

在上海市杨浦区军工路部分路段采集TSP浓度、气压、温度、分车型车流量、区段车速、信号配时等数据,通过多元回归方法分析小型车交通量,大型车交通量,拖挂车交通量及区段车速对TSP浓度的影响,建立起TSP浓度与上述交通变量的函数关系,并通过AIMSUN交通仿真软件以及基础采集数据,建立军工路路网,模拟四种交通拥堵状况(重度拥堵,中度拥堵,轻度拥堵,基本畅通)的产生和消散过程。综合分析路段交通拥堵对道路TSP排放和分布的影响。分析整理得出道路TSP小时排放总量和拥堵程度成正比关系,且TSP污染主要集中在车辆拥挤怠速的部分,车辆拥挤排队的队尾部分是TSP排放源强最高、源强增长最快的区域,增长率达到240%～290%。     

改性灰岩除氟的实验研究

采用改性灰岩作为除氟材料,通过批实验和柱实验,考察不同条件下的除氟效果,并探讨了其实际应用的可能性。结果表明:FeCl3溶液联合灰岩除氟,可使高氟水中的氟浓度达到国家饮用水标准,在含氟水样中加灰岩后,直接加FeCl3会促进灰岩对氟的去除效率。在氟离子浓度为5 mg/L,粒径0.2～0.5 mm的灰岩为1 g的条件下,铁离子含量为0.016 mmol/L时,即可达到去除的最佳效果,除氟率可达95.74%。柱实验说明在FeCl3溶液浓度一定时,除氟率随着总出水量的增加而提高;填充的灰岩总量不变时,随着FeCl3溶液浓度的增加,除氟效果明显增加,说明本实验具有实际应用的可能性。     

高架道路交通噪声动态模拟

为研究高架道路噪声的分布规律,结合微观交通仿真、车辆噪声排放和传播原理,对高架道路交通噪声进行动态模拟.该方法能得到逐秒变化的实时声压级.能反映交通噪声随时间的动态变化,且方便应用多项指标评估.研究表明:等效声级和累计声级的误差达到±2 dB;高架道路两端的防撞护栏在离道路边缘32m的垂直面上的声压衰减影响到10m左右...     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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