日本离岛辐射监测系统概述

日本离岛辐射监测系统包括10处监测点,均建设于受人类活动影响较小的离岛之上,采用在线监测与实验分析相结合的方式,主要目的为对国内外核事故及国外核试验进行预警及对环境影响进行评估,在福岛核事故期间,该系统从空气吸收剂量率、气溶胶、沉降物、土壤和地表水中放射性物质含量对核泄漏对环境造成的影响进行评估,通过其监测结果,可见气溶胶及沉降物中134Cs和137Cs在事故后发生微量上升。     

填埋场中多酚氧化酶活性测定条件优化

以填埋场垃圾为研究对象,在土壤酶测定方法为基础上,对垃圾降解过程中多酚氧化酶活性测定方法进行优化.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最优反应条件,并验证其精确度及稳定性.最终确定垃圾降解过程中多酚氧化酶活性测定的最优条件为基质取用10 mL、反应温度为30℃、缓冲液为8mL、反应时间为1.5h、萃取剂量为20 mL、萃取时间为50 min,且优化后测定条件实验结果的RSD小于2.22％,测定结果较传统方法提高了41％ ～ 90％,说明优化后结果准确可靠,为垃圾中多酚氧化酶的活性测定提供了新的方法基础.     

首信尾矿重金属环境地球化学实验研究

为了评估首信秘鲁矿业股份有限公司拟建选厂选矿实验中所产生的尾矿中重金属物质可能对环境造成的潜在影响,本文根据秘鲁能矿部环境事务总局的要求,以首信选厂选矿试验中的尾矿样品为研究对象,分别进行了尾矿摇瓶法试验(Shake Flask Extraction,SFE)、实验室尾矿风化湿筒试验(ASTM D5744-07标准)研究.试验结果表明:首信尾矿中重金属在酸性环境条件下最容易发生迁移转化,其次是模拟海水条件,最难的是超纯水环境。     

污水处理厂氨氮在线验收监测的现状及问题

氨氮在线监测仪近年已在污水处理厂得到广泛应用。通过在线监测技术提高污水处理厂处理效率是未来污水处理系统发展的重要方向之一。以辽宁省某污水处理厂水质在线监测系统为研究对象,采用对比实验的方法,对氨氮在线监测仪在验收过程中遇到的问题进行了总结,并提出了相应的建议。     

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.     

Experimental study of NO2 reduction in N2/Ar and O2/Ar mixtures by pulsed corona discharge

Non-thermal plasma technology has been regarded as a promising alternative technology for NOx removal. The understanding of NO2 reduction characteristics is extremely important since NO2 reduction could lower the total NO oxidation rate in the plasma atmosphere. In this study, NO2 reduction was experimentally investigated using a non-thermal plasma reactor driven by a pulsed power supply for different simulated gas compositions and operating parameters. The NO2 reduction was promoted by increasing the specific energy density （SED）, and the highest conversion rates were 33.7%, 42.1% and 25.7% for Ar, N2/Ar and O2/Ar, respectively. For a given SED, the NO2 conversion rate had the order N2/Ar 〉 Ar 〉 02/Ar. The highest energy yield of 3.31 g/kWh was obtained in N2/Ar plasma and decreased with increasing SED; the same trends were also found in the other two gas compositions. The conversion rate decreased with increasing initial NO2 concentration. Furthermore, the presence of N2 or O2 led to different reaction pathways for NO2 conversion due to the formation of different dominating reactive radicals.     

基于正交实验的电絮凝法预处理兰炭废水

采用电絮凝法预处理兰炭废水中COD。在装有可溶铁阳极、石墨阴极的PVC电解槽中进行了COD的去除研究,针对影响电絮凝工艺的主要影响因素(反应时间、进水pH、电流密度及极板间距)进行了正交实验。结果表明,在电絮凝进水pH为9~11条件下,极板间距为主要的影响因素。当进水COD为22 920 mg/L时,在电絮凝反应时间为3 h、进水pH为10、电流密度120 A/m2和极板间距为20 mm的条件下,COD去除率为22.9%;在此条件下,去除1 kgCOD消耗电能0.464 kW·h,消耗铁0.17 kg。     

环境降解聚乙烯地膜残余组分对土壤酶活性的影响

环境降解地膜在外界光、温、水、气、微生物共同作用下,已从过去的块状崩解实现了"米汤"状"溶解"入土壤环境,但降解后的聚乙烯粉末残余物是否仍旧严重污染土壤环境成为新一轮争议的热点。文章采用L9(34)正交设计,从聚乙烯的分子量、残余量、土壤类型、土壤深度等因素对土壤酶活性影响的角度来研究粉末态聚乙烯残余物对土壤环境的污染状况。结果表明,聚乙烯2 000(数均分子量,下同)和LLDPE(line low density polyethylene)在模拟100 a残余量处理水平下对脲酶和脱氢酶影响最显著,呈现超低分子量和超高分子量在最大残余量时的处理对脲酶和脱氢酶影响最显著的规律。就磷酸酶活性而言,对磷酸酶的影响则呈现出分子量越大、残余量越大影响越显著的趋势。在整个玉米生长周期,处理的3种土壤酶活平均值分别为58.83、89.83和350.79μg/(g·h),是对照平均活度的1.15、1.06和1.19倍,呈现聚乙烯处理后土壤酶活性增加的特征。     

测准高锰酸盐指数考核样的实践经验

做准高锰酸盐指数考核样,关键是要配准KMnO4标准使用液,控制好实验用水、水浴加热时间、滴定温度、滴定速度等实验条件。     

生物活性炭吸附石化废水有机污染物实验研究

生物活性炭吸附石化二级废水有机污染物实验主要包括生物活性炭挂膜实验和生物活性碳影响因素实验。在实验中考察了水力负荷和活性炭滤层厚度两因素对有机污染物吸附作用。结果表明:在45 d左右挂膜基本成功,最佳水力负荷为0.25~0.75m3/(m2·h),活性炭滤层最佳厚度为90cm。