基于熵权的改进密切值法在水质综合评价的应用

将2003至2008年宁德市金涵水库水质监测值与地表水环境质量标准相结合,建立了环境样本矩阵,运用信息熵原理确定各指标的权重,并应用改进密切值法进行水质综合评价。结果表明：金涵水库从2003至2008年水质都是Ⅱ类以上,水质总体良好。该评价方法操作简便易行,结论切实可行,并可反映出各评价单元的优劣变化。     

青海大柴旦及周边地区尾波衰减特性研究

采用Sato单次散射模型,利用大柴旦台数字地震资料,研究了大柴旦震群序列尾波Qc值在流逝时间窗长60～90 s时间内的变化特征,计算频率从3 Hz至18 Hz,得到Qc值随频率的变化关系：Qc（f）=（72±19.9）f0.93±0.08。计算结果反映出大柴旦地震余震序列的尾波Qc值较低,说明大柴旦震源区属于构造运动较为活跃的地区,这与大柴旦地质结构特征相符。     

粒级、pH和有机质对汞在松花江沉积物表面吸附-解吸的影响

为进一步揭示汞在松花江沉积物表面的环境行为,通过模拟实验,研究粒级、pH和溶解性有机质(DOM)对汞在松花江沉积物表面吸附-解吸量的影响.结果表明,不同粒级沉积物的吸附能力差别较大,本实验条件下,沉积物粒级越小,其吸附能力越强.在各种浓度的实验设计组中均有:pH由3.5升高至4.5时,吸附量增加,当pH4.5时,随pH的继续升高吸附量开始降低;沉积物中汞的解吸量随pH的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势变化,各体系的最小值均出现在pH5.柠檬酸对沉积物吸附汞的影响以抑制作用为主,其抑制作用强度与吸附体系中汞浓度有关;柠檬酸对解吸量的影响也比较明显,随着柠檬酸浓度的增加,对沉积物中汞解吸作用的影响表现为促进-抑制-稳定的变化趋势.因此,以上因素对汞在沉积物表面吸附-解吸的影响较大,在进行河流汞污染控制及突发污染事件处理时,有必要充分考虑以上因素的影响.     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

COD/SO42-对硫酸盐有机废水处理效率的影响

以人工配制的含硫酸盐有机废水作为原水,研究不同COD/SO42-值下厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水去除率.试验结果表明:当COD/SO42-＜14.8时COD的去除率可达95%,SO42-的去除率在86%～96%之间;当COD/SO42-在14.8～4.0之间时,COD的去除率有所下降但仍能保持在94%...     

基于熵值法新疆循环经济发展综合评价分析

根据循环经济理论,针对新疆循环经济的发展,从资源可承载能力、环境发展、社会经济发展三个方面考虑建立新疆循环经济发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法对新疆10年循环经济的发展水平进行综合评价,进而提出了相应的措施,包括完善法律法规体系、加快产业结构调整、加大政策鼓励力度、促进产业集聚等。     

丹东市降水pH值及酸雨分析

分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。     

泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值表征泥炭腐殖化度及其古气候意义

采用AMS14C测年技术建立了哈尼泥炭地的年代序列,以泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值(400nm和600nm处吸光度比值)来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并探讨其指示的古气候意义。研究结果表明:根据泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值与校正年龄的变化曲线,以及将其与哈尼泥炭400nm处吸光度直接表征腐殖化度的曲线进行对比,发现哈尼泥炭碱提取液的E4/E6值对古气候具有很好的指示意义,对全新世以来的气候突变事件以及前人研究的气候时期划分都能得到很好的对应,即哈尼泥炭碱提取液E4/E6值高,泥炭腐殖化度低,指示气候干冷,其E4/E6值低,泥炭腐殖化度高,指示气候暖湿。在今后的研究中,可结合E4/E6值来表征泥炭腐殖化度,并结合磁化率、孢粉等化学物理生物因子以及温度、湿度、水文、地质条件等其他因素来探讨泥炭腐殖化度对古气候的指示意义。