赤峰地区的尾波Q值研究

本文根据安艺的尾波理论,使用赤峰台单台记录的地方震、近震尾波资料,通过数值计算,测定了赤峰地区(41°～44°N,117°～121°E)地壳介质的品质因数。结果表明,在赤峰市南部地区介质Q值分布呈西高东低的态势,而北部地区介质状态差异很大,个别局部区域存在Q值异常区。最后对本方法求得的Q值所涉及的范围及Q值与深度和频率的关系作了简单分析和讨论。     

氯仿萃取法处理4-氨基安替比林的研究

用氯仿萃取法处理4-氨基安替比林可获得较低的空白测定消光值,并且步骤简便,易于操作。     

沈阳市浑南新区二氧化硫总量控制研究

为了实现浑南新区的规划目标,必须对新区SO2 进行总量控制。本文利用A—P值法对浑南新区SO2 的总量控制进行研究,给出了整个新区SO2 的总量控制目标及规划中的各个高架点源污染源的总量控制目标,为新区总量控制的实施提供了决策依据。     

pH对MAP沉淀法去除废水中氨氮的影响

本文用模拟废水进行了磷酸铵镁（MAP）沉淀法脱氮试验，着重分析了pH值对沉淀种类及晶态的影响，试验结果表明MAP沉淀法废水脱氮的适宜pH值在9．0～10．5之间，在此范围内氨氮去除率和沉淀量随pH值升高而增加，生成MAP比较纯净。用污泥回流液进行验证试验，结果表明MAP沉淀法在处理实际废水时具有良好的效果。     

Influence of Indian mustard （Brassicajuncea） on rhizosphere soil solution chemistry in long-term contaminated soils： A rhizobox study

This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) root exudation on soil solution properties (pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metal solubility) in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four di erent types of heavy metal contaminated soils (two alkaline soils and two acidic soils). The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase (by 0.6 pH units) in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight increase (< 0.1 pH units) in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17–156 mg/L in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids (OAs) in rhizosphere. While root exudates were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst di erent soils, resulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and Zn from solid phase to liquid phase.     

CO_2活化法制备甘蔗渣活性炭

以CO_2为活化剂,甘蔗渣为原料制备甘蔗渣活性炭。探讨煅烧条件、活化温度、活化时间及CO_2流量对生物吸附剂吸附性能和得率的影响,并分析甘蔗渣活性炭的结构。结果表明,在煅烧温度700℃、活化温度850℃、活化时间40min及气体流量150 mL/min条件下制备的甘蔗渣活性炭性能最佳,其碘吸附值达到1089.76mg/g,得率34.27%;活化后甘蔗渣活性炭的中孔孔隙增加,吸附性能增强。该方法制得的活性炭性能优于化学法,且更为简单环保。     

空气增湿去湿法处理纳滤浓缩液研究

采用空气增湿去湿工艺处理纳滤(NF)浓缩液,着重考察此技术用来处理浓缩液的可行性和pH值对COD、TOC、UV254和NH_3-N去除效果的影响。此工艺使NF浓缩液与空气在填料表面直接逆流接触进行传热传质。用NaOH或H_2SO_4溶液调节浓缩液pH值至酸性(pH值约3和5)和碱性(pH值约9),研究酸性和碱性条件下对COD、TOC、UV254和NH_3-N的处理效果。结果表明,当浓缩液流量240 L/h、空气流量200 m~3/h时,体积传热速率和产水率分别达到236k W/m~3和8.11 kg/h。冷凝水出水水质满足GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的排放要求。此外,COD去除率在碱性条件下更高,而NH_3-N去除率随pH值增加而降低,UV254去除率受pH值的影响不大,酸性条件有助于TOC的去除。与蒸发法比较,空气增湿去湿法具有更高的经济可行性。     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

福建省循环经济发展的能值分析

循环经济是实现以环境资源换取经济增长向以环境资源优化经济增长转变的发展模式。定量评价循环经济发展水平是循环经济的基本内容。基于能值理论,运用能值分析方法,从能值流量、经济社会能值、资源利用、环境压力和综合指数5个方面评价了福建省自2000年以来循环经济发展状况。结果表明:福建省经济的发展依靠的是消耗不可更新资源,系统可持续发展能力在不断下降;自然资源相对丰富,但是资源利用率低,净生态效益低下;废弃物还未对环境造成过大压力,环境压力主要来自于经济发展对不可更新资源的依赖以及人口数量的增加。改变经济发展模式,提高资源利用率,减少对不可更新资源利用,加强保护和开发可更新资源,逐步提升循环经济发展水平,是福建省提升可持续发展能力的重点。     

西天山科其喀尔冰川消融径流的水化学分析

为了研究西天山科其喀尔冰川融水径流的基本化学特征,2003-06～2003-09在研究区取样(冰面径流、冰面湖水、河水及大气降水),结果表明:①本区各类水体都呈碱性,pH值大小顺序为:河水>冰面径流>冰面湖水>大气降水>7.②各类样品总离子浓度的顺序为:河水>大气降水>冰面湖水>冰面径流.冰面径流中的各项离子浓度均低于其它3类样品的相应值,平均仅是河水的24%;阴、阳离子分别以SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺为最大.③由于降水过程中有物理变化和化学反应的作用,不同降水形式中降雨的各项离子浓度(NO₃^-除外)均比冰雹和雪中的相应离子浓度大;④对不同海拔高度水样分析表明,各项离子浓度“高程效应”十分明显,3 900m以上区域,冰面径流中各阳离子浓度逐渐向冰川冰中各相应离子浓度逼近.