其岭隧道施工安全风险评估与控制技术研究

随着高速铁路向西部地区建设的快速延伸,建设高标准的隧道工程将越来越多。由于高速铁路隧道工程在施工过程中具有隐蔽性、作业空间狭窄、地质条件不确定等特点,决定了铁路隧道在施工过程中存在诸多不确定性的风险因素,使得发生各类安全事故的概率高于其他工程,因此在铁路隧道建设全过程中通过开展施工安全风险管理工作,将有利于降低事故发生的可能性,有利于控制风险事故后果的损失。本文以贵广铁路其岭隧道为例,对其施工过程中的主要风险进行了识别,并提出了相应的风险管理控制措施,以为其他同类工程提供借鉴。     

爆炸空气冲击波在巷道转弯处的传播特性

为了探索爆炸空气冲击波在巷道内的传播规律,进行了数值计算和理论分析,讨论了爆炸冲击波通过45°弯曲巷道后的压力变化过程.研究结果表明: 爆炸空气冲击波通过45°弯曲巷道后的压力分布复杂,空气冲击波逐渐恢复为平面波需经过4倍等效巷道直径的距离传播.在该4倍等效距离内,冲击波反射叠加,在巷道外侧壁面Mach反射点取得超压最大值,恢复平面波以后超压随距离呈单调衰减.     

Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

加强环境保护 推动经济发展方式转变

《国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要》(简称《十二五规划纲要》)中明确提出要把加快转变经济发展方式作为十二五规划的主线,把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要着力点。这表明《十二五规划纲要》对环境保护在加快转变经济发展方式中发挥的作用高度重视,环境保护促进经济发展方式转变的特征将更加明显。     

城市引领气候变化行动

近年来,全球应对气候的焦点都被放在了国家层面,几乎没有成功达成任何协议或推进任何行动.与之形成鲜明对比,很多城市正在努力地开展风险评估,并制定温室气体减排目标并承诺采取实际行动.作为超过50%世界人口的     

Individual and combined toxic effects of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on earthworm

Toxicities were assessed for a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) individually and in combination. A series of tests were conducted on di erent responses (acute, chronic, behavioral) of earthworms of species Eisenia fetida andrei in the ecological risk assessment of these pesticides. The results showed that the toxicity of the mixture of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos was significantly higher than either of these pesticides individually, especially on the earthworm’s chronic responses. At a concentration of 5 mg/kg, the mixture caused significant reductions on the growth and reproduction rates of earthworms, but did not cause any significant e ect when the individual was tested. The increase in toxicity of the pesticide mixture means that the use of toxicity data obtained exclusively from single-pesticide experiments may underestimate the ecological risk of pesticides that actually present in the field.     

“微”传播的突破与变革

互联网的出现造就了一种延续至今的信息化革命,这是一场极大改变人类生存与生活方式的深刻变革,以至于尼葛洛庞蒂高呼信息化带来了“真正个人化时代”。的确,以个人主页、E—MAIL、BBS、ICQ、博客等网络传播工具为媒介的传播形态正在改变着我们传统的交流与交往方式,而微博作为互联网时代的新宠儿,     

声明

正为适应我国信息化建设,扩大本刊及作者知识信息交流渠道,本刊已被中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社的中国知网及其系列数据库等检索信息系统独家收录,并以数字化方式复制、汇编、发行、信息网络传播本刊全文,作者著作权使用费与本刊稿酬一次性给付.如果作者不同意文章被收录,请在来稿时向本刊做出纸面声     

声明

正为适应我国信息化建设,扩大本刊及作者知识信息交流渠道,本刊已被中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社的中国知网及其系列数据库等检索信息系统独家收录,并以数字化方式复制、汇编、发行、信息网络传播本刊全文,作者著作权使用费与本刊稿酬一次性给付.如果作者不同意文章被收录,请在来稿时向本刊做出纸面声明,以便本刊做出适当处理.特此声明!     

污染影响了健康,证据呢？

@大林崔：风险管理,重点是特征污染物。当前环境与健康风险不断加大,环保问题很容易发展为社会问题甚至政治问题,必须通过风险管理,从特征污染物的产生、排放、暴露控制等方面降低其致害风险。@文迪姐姐：制定环境与健康基准,只要有10年以上的数据积累,就完全可以实现。这甚至可以成为地方执政者的绩效考核标准。@绿色水滴2013：近年来,我国突发环境事件持续上升,环境风险比较突出,迫切需要开展环境基准和风险评估研究。@污染的健康很寂静：健康风险管理,核心是风险管理,重点是健康风险评估,要不然又是白忙活。