地质封存CO_2泄漏对蚯蚓的毒性效应

二氧化碳捕集与封存技术(CO_2 capture and storage, CCS)是当前国际上公认的CO_2减排的有效措施,但封存在地下的CO_2仍然因为各种不稳定因素存在泄漏风险,对土壤环境及土壤生态系统产生威胁。选择赤子爱胜蚓为研究对象,通过模拟高浓度CO_2对蚯蚓形态与生理变化的影响,探究CCS泄漏所产生的土壤高浓度CO_2对蚯蚓的毒性效应。研究表明,土壤高浓度CO_2使蚯蚓出现生殖环带肿大、尾部串珠以及断尾等外部形态变化,皮肤和刚毛受到损伤并且表皮发生褶皱等现象;随着CO_2浓度的增加以及暴露时间的延长,蚯蚓的死亡率不断增加,土壤高浓度CO_2对蚯蚓的7 d和14 d半致死浓度分别为26.39%和17.78%;蚯蚓体腔细胞溶酶体中性红保留时间(NRRT)减少。因此,蚯蚓有望作为监测CO_2泄漏的指示生物,NRRT可作为识别CO_2泄漏的敏感指标。     

Effect of carbon source on the denitrification in constructed wetlands

The ability of constructed wetlands with di erent plants in nitrate removal were investigated. The factors promoting the rates of denitrification including organic carbon, nitrate load, plants in wetlands, pH and water temperature in field were systematically investigated. The results showed that the additional carbon source (glucose) can remarkably improve the nitrate removal ability of the constructed wetland. It demonstrated that the nitrate removal rate can increase from 20% to more than 50% in summer and from 10% to 30% in winter, when the nitrate concentration was 30–40 mg/L, the retention time was 24 h and 25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was ploughed into the constructed wetland. However, the nitrite in the constructed wetland accumulated a little with the supply of the additional carbon source in summer and winter, and it increased from 0.15 to 2 mg/L in the e uent. It was also found that the abilities of plant in adjusting pH and temperature can result in an increase of denitrification in wetlands. The seasonal change may also impact the denitrification.     

基于改进粒子群算法的儿童防护系统优化

为保障儿童乘车安全，采用改进多目标粒子群算法优化儿童约束防护系统。首先，开展40%偏置碰撞的台车试验，验证儿童座椅台车试验仿真模型的有效性，建立儿童安全气囊模型；然后，建立防护系统参数与儿童头部、胸部损伤指标的二阶响应曲面模型，融合遗传算法的交叉变异和精英保留策略，提出改进的多目标粒子群算法，并验证改进算法的有效性；最后，利用多目标模糊优选决策算法获得系统设计参数的最优值，结合台车试验仿真模型，验证优化模型及算法的有效性。结果表明：模型的最优值兼顾对儿童头部和胸部的防护；遗传算法和粒子群算法的融合算法，可提高模型的收敛速度。