高级催化氧化法降解甲基橙模拟废水研究

用活性炭加入活性组份复合成催化剂,H2O2作为氧化剂的高级催化氧化法降解甲基橙模拟染料废水,结果表明高级催化氧化法可以有效降解甲基橙,在pH=7,ρ(H2O2)/ρ(COD)=0.38,反应时间为10 min时,脱色率达98%。反应45 min时,COD去除率可达88%以上。该催化剂是以一定粒度的活性炭为载体,加入FeSO4,MnO2,Al2O3和SiO2多种活性组份复合而成,不易失活,可重复利用。     

OMS-2负载Ag催化剂的制备及催化氧化性能研究

以KMnO4和MnSO4为基底采用回流法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)。以OMS-2为载体采用前掺杂法和浸渍法制备了不同Ag含量的负载型OMS-2催化剂,对所制催化剂进行了结构和织构表征。并研究了不同制备方法和Ag负载量对Ag/OMS-2催化氧化CO性能的影响。结果表明,OMS-2为典型的cryptomelane一维隧道结构,适量掺杂Ag使OMS-2载体分子筛的有序性得到改善。负载型Ag/OMS-2的催化活性均明显优于OMS-2载体,且前掺杂法催化活性优于浸渍法。这与Ag/OMS-2-PI催化剂中Ag颗粒大小及OMS-2载体与Ag之间存在强相互作用有关。Ag负载量明显影响Ag/OMS-2-PI催化剂的催化活性,3Ag/OMS-2-PI催化剂(Ag=3.0 wt%)催化活性最高,这是由于适当Ag负载量,Ag颗粒较小,与载体OMS-2的相互作用较强,能较好地活化OMS-2晶格氧,同时Ag的引入使OMS-2对CO的吸附性能及晶格氧的扩散能力得到显著增强,提高了催化剂对CO的氧化催化能力。     

催化氧化脱硫技术在净化硫酸生产尾气中的应用

分析了硫磺制酸装置在新排放标准颁布实施后存在的问题,通过脱硫方案的比较,以催化氧化脱硫技术在云南云天化国际化工有限公司三环分公司硫磺制酸装置脱硫中的应用为例,从催化氧化脱硫原理、二氧化硫吸收动力和传质分析、关键设备和控制指标分析比较等方面,阐述了催化氧化脱硫技术在净化硫酸生产尾气中的技术优势。     

苯酚及苯胺检测新方法研究

本文研究了环境污染物的检测意义和当前研究进展,介绍了苯酚和苯胺两种污染物的主要特征及危害,以及苯酚和苯胺监测的最新方法,阐述了这两种物质的检测原理。由于苯酚和苯胺在荧光法检测中具有的同步荧光特征,所以在苯酚与苯胺检测新方法中将同步荧光技术与双波长法结合,设计一种可以同时检测样品中的苯酚和苯胺两种环境污染物的新方法,两种样品不用分离即可同时测定。在特定的实验条件下,设计运用双波长法解决两种物质相互干扰的问题,这种方法操作容易、精密度高、检出限低,同时也可以用于自然水样的检测。     

SNCR脱硝技术在480t/h循环流化床锅炉上的应用

介绍某电厂480 t/h循环流化床锅炉SNCR脱硝系统的脱硝原理、基本构成及应用效果。测试结果表明,循环流化床锅炉选用SNCR技术可以实现很低的NOx排放值,满足最严格的NOx排放法规要求,考虑到循环流化床锅炉原始NOx排放水平较低,SNCR系统由于设备简单、结构紧凑、成本低廉,因此更适宜于循环流化床锅炉电厂。     

铈插层黏土负载铁催化剂在H2S选择性催化氧化过程中催化性能的研究

合成了铈插层的Laponite黏土材料(Ce-Lap),并以此材料为载体,分别负载质量分数为3%、5%、8%、10%的Fe制备Fe/Ce-Lap催化剂,通过XRD、氮气吸脱附曲线、XRF、TG、FT-IR、O2-TPD、H2-TPR、XPS等手段,对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征测试,并考察了催化剂在H2S选择性催化氧化反应过程中的活性.结果表明,5%的Fe/Ce-Lap在180℃时表现出最好的催化活性,能达到96%的硫产率,这归因于Fe与Ce之间的相互作用,改善了Fe3+的氧化还原能力.此外,较高的氧吸附能力及铁物种的高分散度促进了氧化反应的进行.     

催化型连续再生颗粒捕集器对生物柴油发动机排放颗粒理化特性的影响

以某重型柴油机为原机,研究氧化催化转化器(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst,简称"DOC")与催化型颗粒捕集器(Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter,简称"CDPF")结合而成的催化型连续再生颗粒捕集器(Catalyzed Continuously Regeneration Trap,简称"CCRT")对燃用B20混合燃料柴油机颗粒排放理化特性的影响.试验结果表明:生物柴油发动机安装CCRT装置后排放的颗粒质量和数量均显著低于原机.CCRT装置对不同粒径颗粒的捕集效率不同,对聚集态颗粒的捕集效果略优于核态颗粒.与原机相比,安装CCRT后PAHs总排放量下降,在检测到的20种PAHs中有17种排放量减少.按环数比较,原机及安装CCRT装置后PAHs均以三环和四环为主.CCRT装置的安装使生物柴油发动机排放颗粒中化学成分毒性降低.     

Catalytic combustion of soot over ceria-zinc mixed oxides catalysts supported onto cordierite

Modified substrates as outer heterogeneous catalysts was employed to reduce the soot generated from incomplete combustion of diesel or diesel/biodiesel blends, a process that harms the environment and public health. The unique storage properties of ceria(CeO2) makes it one of the most efficient catalysts available to date. Here, we proposed that ceria-based catalysts can lower the temperature at which soot combustion occurs; more specifically, from 610℃ to values included in the diesel exhausts operation range(300–450℃). The sol-gel method was used to synthesize mixed oxide-based catalysts(CeO2:ZnO); the resulting catalysts were deposited onto cordierite substrates. In addition, the morphological and structural properties of the material were evaluated by XRD, BET, TPR-H2, and SEM. Thermogravimetric(TG/DTA) analysis revealed that the presence of the catalyst decreased the soot combustion temperature by 200℃ on average, indicating that the oxygen species arise at low temperatures in this situation, promoting highly reactive oxidation reactions. Comparative analysis of soot emission by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS) showed that catalyst-impregnated cordierite samples efficiently oxidized soot in a diesel/biodiesel stationary motor: soot emission decreased by more than 70%.     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

催化裂解装置火灾爆炸危险性评价

道氏方法是对石化装置风险性进行量化评价的一种行之有效的方法,尤其是对装置的系统和单元的固有危险性及安全设施降低危险性的安全补偿作用进行认识和评价,采用道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数法,对安庆石化炼油厂65×104t/a催化裂解装置的潜在火灾爆炸和反应危险性进行评价和分析,得到“严重”以上程度的单元有:加热炉、丙烷塔、丙烯塔、液化气储罐和汽油柴油储罐、反应器、瓦斯发生器、乙烷塔和稳定器,同时给出单元的危险等级和薄弱环节,为工厂的风险管理和安全管理决策提供了科学依据,并为降低装置风险提出了建议。