悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器对染料中间体H酸溶液的降解

在多组分条件下通过采用悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器进行目标污染底物H酸的光催化降解效率及反应动力学研究,控制干扰污染物吐氏酸和变色酸浓度分别为5,10,20,25,40mg/L,控制H酸浓度100mg/L恒定不变.实验结果表明,在单组分光催化纳滤膜反应器中,在Ct/C0?0.7条件下,降解过程遵循L-H零级(0~12min)与L-H一级(12~20min)的混合动力学模型;在多组分光催化纳滤膜反应器中,随着干扰物浓度的增加,在Ct/C0?0.7条件下(约0~20min反应时间段)其降解过程均对应地遵循L-H一级反应动力学模型.通过实验进一步证实,H酸光催化降解动力学的改变主要由耦合光催化反应器内底物和光催化剂表面H酸的浓度差异性引起.     

光催化降解水中有机污染物研究及展望

利用光催化反应机理,对污水进行光催化分解。引进了几种光催化剂及其改进途径,提出了光催化剂在降解水中有机污染物方面的应用。光催化技术是一种高效节能的污水处理方法,但由于自身的局限性,仍存在一些问题有待解决,本文对光催化技术在现实应用方面存在的问题进行分析并给出今后的研究方向。     

N掺杂NaTaO_3的低温合成方法及光催化性能研究

以Ta2O5和NaOH为起始原料,三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)为氮源采用改进的高温固相法制备了N掺杂NaTaO3(NaTaO3-xNx)光催化剂,并以亚甲基为目标降解物,在紫外光下研究NaTaO3-xNx的光催化活性。实验结果表明:改进固相法能够在700℃下得到结晶度高、粒径大小均一的N掺杂的NaTaO3,且实验过程中不需要二次研磨,提高了NaTaO3-xNx在紫外光下的吸收活性。光催化活性的大小与N的掺入量有关,样品NaTaO2.961N0.039具有较高的光催化活性。而且,NaTaO3-xNx在光降解过程中非常稳定,500℃煅烧后可重复利用,是一种很有前途的光催化剂。     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

Graphene TiO2 nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of sodium pentachlorophenol

A series of graphene–TiO2photocatalysts was synthesized by doping TiO2 with graphene oxide via hydrothermal treatment. The photocatalytic capability of the catalysts under ultraviolet irradiation was evaluated in terms of sodium pentachlorophenol（PCP-Na） decomposition and mineralization. The structural and physicochemical properties of these nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The graphene–TiO2nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than commercial P25 for the degradation of PCP-Na, and 63.4% to 82.9% of the total organic carbon was fully mineralized. The improved photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the accelerated interfacial electron-transfer process and the significantly prolonged lifetime of electron-hole pairs imparted by graphene sheets in the nanocomposites. However,excessive graphene and the inhomogeneous aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles may decrease photodegradation efficiency.     

复合催化剂磷钨酸/TiO_2光催化降解苯

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了磷钨酸掺杂纳米Ti O2复合催化剂(简称PW/Ti O2),通过X射线粉末衍射物相分析、扫描电镜形貌分析、BET-N2吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征和分析,并以苯为气相有机污染物,考察经不同热处理温度及不同磷钨酸掺杂量PW/Ti O2对苯的降解效果,同时考察了水汽含量、氧气和氮气气氛对PW/Ti O2催化性能的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度为350℃时,PW/Ti O2复合材料中Ti O2主要是锐钛矿相,PW/Ti O2的BET-N2吸附比表面积比纯磷钨酸比表面积增加了13倍多,与Ti O2相比增加了1.2倍;磷钨酸的掺杂可以抑制Ti O2晶粒的长大和团聚;PW/Ti O2的光催化效果明显好于Ti O2和HPW;当焙烧温度为350℃,磷钨酸与Ti O2配比为0.008 5∶1时,PW/Ti O2的催化性能好;反应体系中适当的水汽(590.33 mg/m3)可以提高苯的转化率,氧气气氛中PW/Ti O2对苯的光催化降解效率比在氮气中高。PW/Ti O2光降解苯的机理主要是电子-空穴对的产生以及活性氧物种的生成,磷钨酸有效地扼制了Ti O2表面上h+和e-的再结合。     

负载型杂多酸光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

随着水源水的污染日趋严重,水中有机污染物的治理难度加大。介绍了负载型杂多酸的特性及研究进展,制备活性高的负载型杂多酸,在光催化的条件下,降解有机污染物已成为解决水中有机物污染的新途径。     

某炼厂制氢装置泄漏检测情况分析及建议

对某炼厂制氢装置的泄漏检测数据进行了统计分析,深入剖析了装置的泄漏现状,并针对性地提出了部分改进建议。     

制氢装置火灾爆炸危险性分析及防护

以制氢装置为研究对象,分析物料及装置的火灾、爆炸危险性,制定相应的防火、防爆安全措施,从源头上降低制氢装置的火灾爆炸危险性,杜绝装置的火灾爆炸事故。     

二氧化钛光催化氧化阿散酸

阿散酸(p-arsanilic acid,ASA)是一种重要的有机砷化合物,较无机砷更加难以去除,目前关于去除水中ASA研究少有报道.本研究主要评价了TiO_2光催化剂(P25)对ASA的去除效果,考察了P25投量、pH和光照强度对其光催化氧化ASA的影响,探究了ASA光降解产物和主要机制.结果表明,在P25催化作用下,模拟自然光可氧化降解ASA为As(V),最终通过P25对As(V)的吸附作用将水中砷有效去除.当ASA初始浓度为2 mg·L~(-1),P25投量为1 g·L~(-1)时,光催化氧化-吸附0.5 h后,水中剩余砷的浓度约为0.34 mg·L~(-1).酸性条件下ASA的去除率远远高于碱性条件,最佳光照强度为68.5 mW·cm~(-2).P25光催化氧化ASA过程中羟基自由基起到了主要作用.