光化学方法处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液的研究

实验研究了光化学方法处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液的效果和相关的影响因素 ,结果表明 ,光化学方法受pH值 ,光照时间 ,催化剂等的影响 ,在pH =3、混凝后渗沥液光照 4h可取得 64 %的COD去除率     

土壤表面农药光化学降解研究进展

农药在土壤表面的光化学降解是重要的非生物转化途径,其过程和产物对农药药效、代谢、毒性及环境影响重大.本文综述了土壤表面农药光解研究方法和影响农药光解的土壤因素,分析了农药在土壤表面的主要光反应类型,并讨论了土壤表面农药光解实际应用等方面的热点问题.     

17种多环芳烃在水溶液中的光解

本文以国产高压汞灯及太阳光为光源,系统地研究了常见的17种多环芳烃(下简称PAH)在甲醇-水、乙腈-水溶液中的光化学降解。结果表明,大多数PAH的光解速率常数(k)与它们的极谱氧化半波电位(E_(1/2)~(ox)有关:E_(1/2)~(ox)值低(易氧化),则k值大(反应快)。黑暗条件下的对照试验未发现PAH降解。还测得了萘的光解产物为邻苯二甲酸,并发现溶液中的溶解氧除去后萘不能光解。这些都表明大部分PAH光解为光氧化反应。另外,用电荷转移复合物(CTC)的形成、解离和单重态氧(~1O_2)的氧化机理,讨论了温度高、助溶剂极性强会加快光解速率的效应。     

大气环境中OH自由基测定

采用自旋捕集技术和电子自旋共振法结合测定大气环境中ＯＨ自由基，首先用自旋捕集剂将ＯＨ自由基捕集，生成比较稳定的自然旋加合物，，然后带回实验室处理测定，该法为开展大气光化学研究提供了一种采样方便，利于实测的方法，据３个采样点的实测结果表明，相对误差约为３５％，比文献所示结果略大。     

化石能源造成的"温室"效应

人类因长期使用化石能源而污染了环境。除了引起局部地区的烟尘、灰霾、酸雨．光化学雾和连带的重金属铅的污染外，更造成了全球的气候变化。     

二甲亚砜捕获-高效液相色谱测定天然水体中羟基自由基的光化学生成

利用二甲亚砜捕获羟基自由基定量生成甲醛,甲醛与1,3-环己二酮和氨衍生反应,衍生产物在400 nm的激发波长下,在460 nm处具有特征荧光,建立了一个新的高效液相色谱分离、荧光检测水体中光学反应产生的羟基自由基的方法.考察了捕获剂用量、酸度、温度、时间以及衍生试剂用量对羟基自由基测定的影响,在优化的实验条件下,该方法对羟基自由基的定量下限为0.066μmol·L-1.采用建立的方法对湖水、海水以及湿地水在氙灯模拟光源以及太阳光下羟基自由基光化学生成进行了初步研究,表明太阳光照下羟基自由基的生成速率约为氙灯光照下羟基自由基生成速率的两倍以上,说明羟基自由基在实际自然条件下的生成速率有可能被低估.天然水体中的羟基自由基的生成与水体成分密切相关,由铁和可溶性有机质(DOM)光照产生羟基自由基的机理较为复杂,DOM和铁的相互作用对天然水体中羟基自由基的光化学生成影响有待于进一步研究.     

Peroxyacetyl nitrate observed in Beijing in August from 2005 to 2009

Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate（PAN） were made at a Beijing urban site each August from2005 to 2009. Over this 5-year period, the average PAN concentration for August in each year increased from 3（2005） to 11.7 μg/m3（2007）; however, it decreased rapidly in 2008（4.1 μg/m3）.Generally, the variation over the 5 years showed a rise in the first part of the study period,followed by a decline. We considered two categories of local and regional air masses in this study, which revealed that the PAN concentration in Beijing was affected mainly by southeastern air masses. The August PAN variation was influenced predominantly by local air masses in 2005,but by 2009 regional air masses had become more important. This study showed the level and variation of PAN in the month of August in 5 consecutive years for the first time, and proved that control measures are useful in decreasing photochemical pollution; hence, these measures are probably feasible for other megacities too. Furthermore, this method of analyzing regional and local impacts might be useful for other studies as well.     

Wintertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the megacity Beijing: Role of photochemical and meteorological processes

Previous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) in Asian megacities were scarce and mainly conducted for relative short periods in summer. Here, we present and analyze the measurements of PAN, O3, NOx, etc., made at an urban site(CMA) in Beijing from 25 January to 22 March 2010. The hourly concentration of PAN averaged 0.70 × 10 9mol/mol(0.23 × 10 9–3.51 × 10 9mol/mol) and was well correlated with that of NO2but not O3, indicating that the variations of the winter concentrations of PAN and O3in urban Beijing are decoupled with each other. Wind conditions and transport of air masses exert very significant impacts on O3, PAN, and other species. Air masses arriving at the site originated either from the boundary layer over the highly polluted N-S-W sector or from the free troposphere over the W-N sector. The descending free-tropospheric air was rich in O3, with an average PAN/O3ratio smaller than 0.031, while the boundary layer air over the polluted sector contained higher levels of PAN and primary pollutants, with an average PAN/O3ratio of 0.11. These facts related with transport conditions can well explain the observed PAN-O3decoupling. Photochemical production is important to PAN in the winter over Beijing. The concentration of the peroxyacetyl(PA) radical was estimated to be in the range of 0.0014 × 10 12–0.0042 × 10 12 mol/mol. The contributions of the formation reaction and thermal decomposition to PAN's variation were calculated and found to be significant even in the colder period in air over Beijing, with the production exceeding the decomposition.