三唑酮在水体系中的光化学降解研究

系统研究了在天然日光和高压汞灯照射下三唑酮在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的光降解情况.结果表明,天然日光照射下,三唑酮在三种介质中降解较慢.高压汞灯较天然日光能够更有效地激发三唑酮的降解,且降解符合一级动力学规律.在300 W高压汞灯照射下,三唑酮在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的半寿期分别为54.14 min、144.38 min、177.69 min.三唑酮在蒸馏水中的光降解速率大于其在天然海水中的,这主要是由于天然海水中存在的阴、阳离子和其它特殊的物质所引起的.同蒸馏水中的光反应相比,人工海水中的离子抑制了三唑酮的光降解反应.在500 W高压汞灯照射下,三唑酮的反应速率明显提高.实验发现溶液中加入重金属离子(Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+)能够改变三唑酮的光降解速率.     

Effects of relative humidity on the characterization of a photochemical smog chamber

A linear relationship between k_NO2→HONO and relative humidity in smog chamber is found in this work.     

Life cycle assessment of mobile phone housing

The life cycle assessment of the mobile phone housing in Motorola(China) Electronics Ltd. was carried out, in which materials flows and environmental emissions based on a basic production scheme were analyzed and assessed. In the manufacturing stage, such primary processes as polycarbonate molding and surface painting are included, whereas different surface finishing technologies like normal painting, electroplate, IMD and VDM etc. were assessed. The results showed that housing decoration plays a significant role within the housing life cycle. The most significant environmental impact from housing production is the photochemical ozone formation potential.Environmental impacts of different decoration techniques varied widely, for example, the electroplating technique is more environmentally frieodly than VDM. VDM consumes much more energy and raw material. In addition, the results of two alternative scenarios of dematerialization showed that material flow analysis and assessment is very important and valuable in selecting an environmentally friendly process.     

Photochemistry of insecticide imidacloprid: direct and sensitized photolysis in aqueous medium

The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of the study revealed that the intensity of lamp-house and irradiation wavelength had significant effects on the photolysis of imidacloprid. Complete degradation of 20 mg/L imidacloprid in aqueous phase was observed in 40 min under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation system, suggesting the ultraviolet ray played significant role in direct photolysis of imidacloprid. The additions of various photo-sensitizers lead to improve the degradation efficiency of imidacloprid under the irradiation of black light fluorescent lamp. TiO2 was the most efficient in the photo-catalytic degradation of imidacloprid among other photo-sensitizers in used this study. However, addition of acetone inhibited the photolysis of imidacloprid under the irradiation of UV, indicating the occurrence of competition between acetone and imidacloprid for photos. Mineralization of the imidacloprid was examined to clarify the final photochemical degradation products of the insecticide which were CO2, CI^- and NO3^-. Complete photo-oxidation of nitrogen to NO3^- occurred very slowlyvia the intermediate formation of NH4^ and NO2^- .     

污水的光化学灭菌处理研究

以日光和中压汞灯为光源,以亚甲基兰为光敏剂,研究了南京市某污水样的灭菌处理和从灭菌水样中除去ＭＢ的方法,结果表明,光源,光强,光照时间,ＭＢ用量和溶解氧等因素对灭菌有显著影响,不加ＭＢ的水样经紫外光灭菌后,在日光下细菌呈现复活,当１Ｌ细菌总数为３．１×１０＾６个／ｍｌ的污水加入２ｍｇ ＭＢ,并在充气状态下以３００Ｗ中压汞灯光照４ｍｉｎ,其灭菌率达１００％,且无光复活,同样条件下日光的灭菌率则低很多     

基于MODIS数据的重庆市地表热环境效应研究

利用2000—2006年EOS/MODIS卫星资料反演的地表温度(LST)和植被指数(NDVI)资料,分析了重庆市夏季地表热场分布状况,并对重庆市夏季地表热场变化规律及成因进行了研究. 结果表明:①重庆市夏季LST分布区域特征明显,东北部LST最低,西部LST最高;2000—2003年重庆市除了中部地区LST升高外,其他地区降温明显;2003—2006年重庆市中部和西部地区LST明显升高. ②2000年以来,重庆市热岛效应明显增强,重庆市中心强热岛区(城郊温差大于8 ℃)面积由2000年的53 km2增至2006年的313 km2;城郊最高温差由2000年的10.8 ℃增至2006年的14.5 ℃. ③重庆市的LST和NDVI具有显著的负相关关系,相关系数均在-0.7以上;在植被长势较好的2000和2003年,重庆市NDVI每升高0.1,LST降低约4 ℃;而在植被长势较差的2006年,NDVI每升高0.1,LST降低约5 ℃. ④在2006年大气环流异常背景下,NDVI的急剧降低和城市热岛效应的显著增强进一步促进了重庆市高温伏旱天气的形成.      

紫外光助O3、H2O2氧化降解炼油废碱水的可行性实验

炼油高浓度有机废碱水是石化行业中很难降解的废水.本实验用光化学氧化技术对其进行了降解研究,比较了紫外光/空气、紫外光/O3、紫外光/空气/H2O2系统的处理效果.结果表明,光化学氧化技术降解此废水是可行的,紫外光可使废水中COD、油、酚的降解率明显提高.当废水中O3的投加量每小时为22 mg/L,或H2O2投加量为1%/L时,UV/O3法与UV/空气/H2O2法的降解效果相近.同时,通过控制O3浓度或H2O2的投加量等条件,可使废水中COD、油、酚和硫化物降解到地方污染物二级排放标准.     

上海市中心城区臭氧污染水平和变化状况

利用上海市虹口监测点2002年O3的连续自动监测数据，分析了该点代表的区域范围内O3的污染水平、变化情况，以及O3与NO、NOx和CO的关系。指出该点O3的污染水平是冬季最低，秋季最高，5月至10月的质量浓度明显高于11月至4月，低质量浓度时段在早晨，高质量浓度时段在中午至午后；O3质量浓度的变化范围和上升速率是5月至10月比11月至4月大；O3的产生主要取决于NOx中NO转换成NO2的程度，而CO也同NO一样，当O3质量浓度在中午至午后较高时，CO质量浓度也不高。     

1996～2015年云贵川草地生态系统生产力的时空格局

云贵川草地是中国草地的重要组成部分,在我国生态文明建设和响应全球气候变化中具有重要的地位,分析其净初级生产力（NPP）变化格局具有重要意义。利用研究区的AVHRR、MODIS遥感影像等数据及周边地区的气象资料,结合改进的CASA模型,对云贵川地区草地1996～2015年20 a间的NPP及草地植被相关生态特征进行估算,并对其时空特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）20 a间云贵川草地NDVI值变化规律性明显,97.18%的草地面积年平均NDVImax呈现增加趋势。（2）20 a间云贵川草地NPP总体上呈现出“西北低、西南高、东部居中”的空间格局,年均NPP值为420.85 gC·m-2。 （3）时间格局上,20 a间整个云贵川区域逐年平均NPP值虽然有一定的波动性,但仍以7.2322 gC·m-2·a-1的速率在增加。20 a间夏季NPP平均值最高,为160.25 gC·m-2;春季次之,NPP平均值为 109.10 gC·m-2;秋季与春季相比,NPP值稍低,为106.10 gC·m-2;冬季最低,为54.03 gC·m-2。     

Kinetics study on photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation

An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of 03, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation. Upon increasing of the initial PAM concentration, the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM decreased. Slight effect of pH value on the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM was observed in the experiments. The kinetics equation for the photochemical oxidation of PAM by the system has been established.