光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)法观测我国4个本底站大气CO2

利用基于光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术自组装的大气CO2在线观测系统,于2009年在青海瓦里关、浙江临安、北京上甸子和黑龙江龙风山4个世界气象组织全球大气观测网(WMO/GAW)大气本底站对大气CO2进行了在线观测.初步分析结果表明,4站全年大气CO2体积分数最低值出现在7～8月,夏季临安、龙风山和上甸子站CO2平均体积...     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

荧光光谱标准加入法快速检测雪碧中的苯甲酸钠

为建立一种快速测定雪碧中苯甲酸钠的方法,探讨了雪碧体系中苯甲酸钠的荧光特性,建立了标准加入法检测雪碧中的苯甲酸钠的方法,并对该方法进行了评价。结果表明:荧光检测最佳的激发波长为265 nm、发射波长为313 nm;100 mL检测体系中,雪碧添加量为10 mL,盐酸浓度0.01 mol/L、表面活性剂浓度0.05 g/L,当加入0～20 mL 0.1 g/L苯甲酸钠溶液时,荧光强度与苯甲酸钠的加入体积有良好的线性关系,工作曲线为y=39.8x+638.3,相关系数为0.9991,检出限为9.07×10~(-5)g/L,变异系数为1.1%。     

光谱特征法辨识不同污染景观河道中溶解性有机物的组分与来源

利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)结合平行因子分析方法(PARAFAC)及紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis),对苏州古城区内不同污染状况的景观河道中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特征和来源进行解析.结果表明,苏州古城区内景观河道水体总体上表现为氮、磷营养盐污染.水体中的DOM解析出4种荧光组分,分别为自源类色氨酸C1(AEx/...     

沈阳市生活垃圾排放现状及产生量预测

随着城市化进程加快、人口数量快速增加及人民生活水平普遍提高,城市生活垃圾管理已成为世界各国,特别是发展中国家城市面临的主要挑战.作为中国东北最大的中心城市,沈阳正面临城市生活垃圾产生量急剧增加的现状.文章通过对沈阳市城市生活垃圾排放现状的分析,发现2002年后沈阳市生活垃圾产生量和清运量逐年增加,生活垃圾成分变化显著....     

利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)研究水泥窑共处置产品中Ni和Cd的微观组成

在模拟水泥窑中高温煅烧掺有Ni、Cd化学试剂的水泥生料,并由制取的水泥熟料制备水泥净浆片.利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱（XANES）对水泥窑共处置产品中Ni、Cd的微观组成进行了研究.结果表明：Ni在水泥窑煅烧过程中发生了较为彻底的化学变化,形成了Ni-Mg化合物,该化合物可能是以氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐的形式存在;水泥...     

水沙调控对黄河小浪底水库溶解性有机质的影响研究

为探究水沙调控对库区水体溶解性有机质（DOM）的影响,以小浪底水库为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光谱技术及三维荧光光谱-平行因子法（EEMs-PARAFAC）,分析了水沙调控前、中、后DOM的光谱参数、荧光强度及组分的差异,探讨了水体DOM的变化规律、来源及水沙调控对库区水质的影响.结果表明,水沙调控期间库区水体水温、电导率、溶解性总磷含量显著升高,调控期后逐步下降,水沙调控在一定程度上降低了水体中的氮磷比,有利于浮游植物对水体中营养盐的吸收.紫外-可见光谱特征参数显示,调控期a355浓度和E253/E203升高,E2/E3和E3/E4降低,表明水沙调控增加了库区水体DOM的浓度、相对分子质量、腐殖化程度、苯环结构取代基上极性官能团含量;小浪底库区水体DOM共解析出4种荧光组分,分别为类腐殖质组分（C1和C2）、类蛋白组分（C3和C4）,以类腐殖质为主（占总荧光强度的64.12%）.调控期间C1和C2荧光强度显著升高,表明水沙调控大幅增加了水库DOM类腐殖质组分含量.相关性分析表明,C1组分和C2组分对DOM腐殖化程度有显著影响,且两组分具有同源性;C3组分对DOM自生源的贡献有显著影响,...     

长江下游居民区降水地表径流的污染特征

城市地表径流是重要非点源污染源之一,其研究对于我国城市水环境质量控制具有重要的现实意义.本文选择我国长江下游地区典型居民区下垫面作为研究对象,采集不同下垫面的多场降雨径流,探究分析其中主要金属污染物和溶解性有机质(DOM)的分布、结构特征和污染负荷.结果发现,不同下垫面地表径流中重金属均呈现一定程度的超标现象,其浓度由...     

典型酚类化合物水相光氧化产物光谱特征分析

生物质燃烧可直接排放棕色碳类物质(BrC),也可通过排放的亲水性酚类化合物的水相光解生成BrC,但初始浓度对光氧化产物光谱特征的影响研究较少。该研究选择3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、4-甲基邻苯二酚、2-甲氧基苯酚和2,6-二甲氧基苯酚进行水相溶液直接光照模拟,考察不同分子结构和不同初始浓度(0.1、0.5、1和5 mmol/L)对光解产物的影响。结果表明,在300 W高压汞灯光源照射下,溶液颜色都表现为从无色变为浅黄色,紫外-可见吸收随波长单调递减,显示有BrC的生成;0.1 mmol/L低浓度溶液出现了先变黄加深后变浅的光漂白现象,而其他高浓度溶液在365 nm处的吸光度呈逐渐增加趋势;光解速率呈现3,5-二羟基苯甲酸大于4-甲基邻苯二酚,以及2-甲氧基苯酚大于2,6-二甲氧基苯酚的差异,表明酚类化合物结构对光解过程有重要影响。结合三维荧光中心红移分析,推测酚类化合物的直接光解过程为有机自由基反应驱动的低聚过程。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.